Chapter 14 - Sports in Society
True or False: Studies in the United States consistently show that students who do not play school-sponsored sports generally perform better and are healthier than high school athletes as a group.
False.
True or False: The point of Doug Foley's study and other research on socialization as a community process is that the most important social consequences of high school sports are their impact on grades.
False.
True or False: The spirit associated with the games of big-time sport teams eliminates any opportunities for white male college students to party, binge drink, avoid the library, and study less.
False.
Division III
Member schools do not award athletic scholarships.
Division II
Member schools may award limited scholarships but rarely give a full scholarship to an athlete.
In the context of Intercollegiate sports, the _____ is the largest and most powerful association, with 1200 member institutions, about 450,000 athletes, and a budget of over $500 million per year.
National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA)
According to the new rules for athlete eligibility that went into effect in August, 2016, first year athletes must have had at least a _____ in specific core high school courses to be eligible for competition.
2.3 GPA and an SAT score of 900 or an ACT score of 75
Which of the following persons is enrolled in a Division I institution under the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA)?
Abdul, who gets into a university with big-time programs for football.
What is exacerbating the growing inequality in funding for sports across all academic programs?
The emergence of private schools
In the context of growing inequality funding for sports, identify a true statement about private schools.
These schools can recruit student athletes without being limited by any geographical restrictions.
Identify a true statement about the new concussion diagnosis and treatment protocols mandated in high school sports.
They reduce the likelihood of playing with a head injury.
True or False: According to the new rules for athlete eligibility that went into effect in August, 2016, lower SAT or ACT scores require a higher GPA.
True.
Athletic departments with big-time sport programs now maintain _____ to help athletes succeed in their academic work.
academic support programs
In the context of high school sports and popularity, sports are used by young women to _____.
achieve and express personal power
Member institutions of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) are divided into _____ , reflecting program size, level of competition, and the rules that govern sport programs; Division I includes 351 schools with "big-time" programs.
five major categories
According to H.G. Bissinger's account of football games in Odessa, Texas, young men who did not hit hard, physically intimidate opponents, or play with pain were described as "ladies." At the same time, women who didn't stand by and support their men were seen as _____.
gender nonconformists
The most logical explanation for differences between athletes on school teams and other students is that school-sponsored sports attract students who _____.
have good grades and are socially popular in school
In the context of the difficulty in reforming big-time college sports, instead of focusing on high-profile sports as educational programs, academic administrators generally use them as _____.
public relations and fund-raising tools
In the context of the issues facing sport programs, budget and program inequality among high schools is related primarily to the _____.
residential distribution of wealth across neighborhoods, towns, and even regions of the country
According to the research by Patricia and Peter Adler on athletes in big-time programs, athletes discovered that _____ was necessary if the athletes were to meet coaches' expectations.
selecting easier courses and majors
Athletes who most effectively maintain a balance between their academic and athletic commitments have _____.
social networks that support academic identities
For young men who play sports, _____ is assumed to bring acceptance, autonomy, and recognition as adults.
successfully claiming a masculine identity
A program in which all students in the United States play the same sports across multiple generations ignores educational theory and fails to recognize _____.
the changing and diverse sport interests that exist in a culture that prizes individuality and innovation
Supporters of interscholastic sport programs claim that these programs promote _____.
the educational mission of schools and the development of young people
Non-Football Subdivision (NFS)
It consists of 100 universities that do not have football teams but have big-time basketball and/or other big-time sports.
Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS)
It consists of 120 universities that have big-time football teams; each institution is allotted eighty-five full scholarships for football players.
Football Championship Subdivision (FCS)
It consists of 127 universities that have football programs and are allotted only sixty-three scholarships that can be awarded to no more than eighty-five students.
What was a consequence of The Drake Group's lobbying of the U.S. Congress?
The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) acted quickly to highlight academic success stories in college sports.
According to the research by Patricia and Peter Adler, when young athletes in big-time programs received positive feedback, it was for their _____.
athletic achievement
Most interscholastic sport programs are funded through school district appropriations that come from _____.
property taxes
Quantitative research on whether interscholastic sports affect the educational and developmental experiences of high school students has seldom been guided by social theories, and it generally consists of _____.
comparing the characteristics of athletes and other students
The goal of some high school administrators, athletic directors, and coaches to _____ leads to excessive concerns with building high-profile programs that become the focus of attention in the school and community.
create a sport program that resembles a big-time intercollegiate program
When it comes to high school and college sports, the great sport myth has been used to assume that all sports are essentially "_____," and playing sports always involves positive and valuable learning experiences.
educational
Critics of interscholastic sport programs claim that these programs interfere with the _____ and distract students from taking seriously their emerging responsibilities as citizens.
educational mission of schools
Much of the reason why sport programs have become increasingly detached from academic programs is that _____.
many people simply assume that sport is education and that playing sports is learning
According to H.G. Bissinger, attending a football game enabled students and townspeople in Odessa, Texas, to reaffirm their ideas about _____.
natural differences between men and women
Research findings on the effects of playing school sports are confusing because most researchers assume that _____.
playing on a school team has the same meaning in all contexts for all athletes in all sports
Most researchers do not have information about the pre-participation characteristics of athletes because _____.
they collect data at one point in time and simply compare students who play on sport teams with those who do not
In the context of identifying the influence of playing high school sports in a person's adult life, which of the following is true of the meanings people give to sport participation?
they vary with a wide range of social and cultural factors
According to the research by Patricia and Peter Adler, difficulties experienced by athletes in big-time programs in their courses often led them to _____.
view academic life with pragmatic detachment
In the context of changing orientations and rising expectations in sports, most athletes at the high school level believe that _____ is essential to receive a college athletic scholarship.
year-round involvement in a single sport
In the context of processes that contribute to differences between athletes and other students, identify the standard procedures in the lives of athletes on school teams when their season is ongoing. (check all that apply)
✓ Class attendance. ✓ Homework checks. ✓ Grade checks. ✓ Study halls.
Identify the factors that intensify feelings of social isolation among black students on campuses where there are few black students, faculty, and administrators. (check all that apply)
✓ Racial and athletic stereotypes. ✓ White students' lack of experience in racially diverse groups. ✓ White students' perception that black athletes are unfairly privileged.
Identify the various fund-raising strategies used by various high schools in the face of budget shortfalls. (check all that apply)
✓ Seeking corporate sponsorship. ✓ Fostering booster clubs. ✓ Collecting sport participation fees.
What are the processes in school sports that contribute to differences between athletes and other students? (check all that apply)
✓ Selection-in. ✓ Filtering out.
Which of the following are true of athletes who try to maintain a balance between their academic and athletic commitments? (check all that apply)
✓ They have past experiences that consistently reaffirm the importance of education. ✓ They have perceived access to career opportunities following graduation. ✓ They have social relationships and experiences that expand confidence and skills apart from sports.
Identify the situations in which the over-representation of athletes in certain sports in specific courses and majors (clustering) occur. (check all that apply)
✓ When coaches assign athletes to classes involving little work. ✓ When athletes lack academic confidence and seek support from teammates in the same courses.
