Chapter 14 Stress and Health

Who defined stress as, "the response of the body to any demand, whether it is caused by, or results in, pleasant or unpleasant conditions"?

Hans Selye

Dr. Frobish possesses a ________ behavior pattern because she is an intensively driven workaholic, preoccupied with deadlines, and always seems to be in a rush.

Type A

Susan seems to live by the "don't sweat the small stuff" concept. She is relaxed, laid-back, and never seems too concerned about meeting deadlines or finishing a to-do list. Susan has a ________ personality.

Type B

________ is stress-reduction technique whereby electronic equipment measuring a person's involuntary (neuromuscular and autonomic) activity helps him gain a level of voluntary control over these processes.

biofeedback

Noticing that you have difficulty concentrating during and after periods of prolonged stress exemplifies how stress can have a negative ________ impact.

cognitive

Which term refers to mental or behavioral efforts used to manage problems relating to stress, including the cause and the unpleasant feelings and emotions it produces?

coping

Rush hour traffic, lost keys, obnoxious coworkers, and inclement weather are all examples of a(n) ________.

daily hassle

_______ is the kind of stress that exceeds the optimal level, is no longer a positive force, and becomes excessive and debilitating.

distress

________ is the kind of stress associated with positive feelings, as well as optimal health and performance.

eustress

________ is a state of intense engagement in an activity; it is usually experienced while participating in creative work and leisure endeavors.

flow

A ________ psychologist might investigate why people continue to smoke or eat high fat and processed food despite knowing the potential adverse health implications of such behaviors.

health

Optimism is a tendency toward a(n) ________.

positive outlook and positive expectations

Which kind of psychology seeks to identify and promote those qualities that lead to happy, fulfilled, and contented lives?

positive psychology

Which type of appraisal involves judgment about the degree of potential harm or threat to well-being that a stressor might entail?

primary

Brian has just lost his job. He is proactive in trying to resolve this source of stress: He immediately uses the Internet to look up other jobs in his field and plans to eliminate non-essentials from his budget to make his savings last longer. Which type of coping approach is Brian using?

problem focused

Guidance, encouragement, acceptance, emotional comfort, and tangible assistance are all examples of ________.

social support

A demanding or threatening event is often called a(n) ________.

stressor

Which of the following is an example of eustress?

training for a marathon

The concept of perceived control refers to ________.

beliefs about the capacity to influence and shape outcomes in our lives

Rheumatoid arthritis is considered a(n) ________ disease because it involves the body mistaking its own healthy cells for invaders and repeatedly attacking them.

autoimmune