Chapter 14 The Family
how much children in US are born to single mothers.
- 1/3
- Mothers tend to spend more time with their children than fathers do even when the mother works outside the home.
- Fathers spend about 1/2 to 2/3 of the time with their children that mothers spend.
what happens after remarriage
- Often a resurgence (recovery) of behavior problems
There are 2 types of permissive parents
1) Uninvolved/ neglectful parent = parent is very uninvolved in the child's life.
Almost 80% of divorced people remarry within
5 years.
There are three main styles of parenting.
Authoritarian parent Permissive parent Authoritative parent
Intra-agent consistency
Consistency in a single caregiver's application of discipline from one situation to the next
interagent consistency
Consistency in application of disciplinary strategies among various caregivers
how much time does the Fathers spend with their children compared to what the mothers spend ?
Fathers spend about 1/2 to 2/3 of the time with their children that mothers spend
Control Theory:
Hypothesis about parent-child interactions suggesting that the intensity of one partner's behavior affects the intensity of the other's response
Children often imitate their parents. There are a number of names for this:
Identification Imitation
Identification
In psychoanalytic theory, the process by which the child tries to imitate the behavior of the parents or other heroes to share vicariously in their lives
Systems theory
Model for understanding the family that emphasizes the reciprocal interactions among various members
Permissive parent
Parent who sets few limits on the child's behavior
Authoritative parent:
Parent who sets limits on a child's behavior using reasoning and explanation and displays a high degree of nurturance.
Socialization
Process by which children acquire the social knowledge, skills, and attitudes valued by the larger society
Reciprocal socialization
Socialization is bi-directional; children socialize their parents as much as parents socialize their children.
Imitation
Term used by social learning theorists to describe the acquisition of observed behavior.
Punishment
The administration of an aversive stimulus or withdrawal of rewards to decrease the frequency of undesirable behaviors.
Many changes have taken place in families in recent years. What are some of these changes?
Working mothers Divorce Step-families Single-parent families
2 Main models have been proposed to explain how divorce affects children:
a) The family structure model states that any differences in children are attributable to variations in family structure, such as divorce, death, or having a father absent b) The multiple factor model of divorce takes into account the complexity of the divorce context and considers a number of influences - child's strengths and weaknesses prior to divroce, nature of events surrounding divorce, type of custody, post-divorce family functioning, SES, etc.
Today fathers take a more ..
active role in child care than in the past.
The family structure model
any differences in children are attributable to variations in family structure, such as divorce, death, or having a father absent
Step-parents can have a difficult time ...
balancing the role of disciplining step-children.
Being an only child shows higher achievement and IQ scores than ..
children with siblings.
Children who have nurturant and involved normally
fare(survive) better cognitively and socially.
how parents handle the arrival of a new baby affects
feelings of Sibling rivalry
Middle Children?
go look for the information
What are some punishment methods you can think of?
look it up
Single-parent families have a Greater risk for poverty(poor) &
negative outcomes associated with poverty.
Having gay, lesbian, or heterosexual parents does ...
not make a child more or less likely to be gay, lesbian, or heterosexual.
- Baumrind believed that
parents should be neither punitive or aloof, but should instead develop rules for their children and be affectionate with them.
1st borns tend to ....
score higher on IQ tests be be higher achieving.
Culture, attitudes and history affect
socialization.
The multiple factor model of divorce
takes into account the complexity of the divorce context and considers a number of influences - child's strengths and weaknesses prior to divroce, nature of events surrounding divorce, type of custody, post-divorce family functioning, SES, etc.
Mothers tend to spend more time with their children
than fathers do even when the mother works outside the home
Until children are old enough to interact with peers or go to school, their families are
usually the primary socializing agents
when your an only child you tend to have more positive relationships...
with their parents than children with siblings.
As babies get older, mothers and father play ...
with them in different ways.
Daughters of working women show ..
greater independence, achievement, and self-esteem.
Youngest tend to ....
have better peer relations.
No differences in child outcomes compared to
heterosexual couples.
Indulgent parent
parents are highly involved with their children but pace few demands or controls on them.
What matter the most with Gay and lesbian parents?
the quality of family interaction.