Chapter 14 Vocabulary
Hinge Joint
A freely movable joint that allow flexion and extension.
Synovial Fluid
A lubricating substance found in joint cavities
Closed Kinematic Chain
A sequence of action in which the body part farthest from the trunk is fixed during movement
Gout
An accumulation of uric acid crystals in the joint at the base of the large toe and other joints of the feet
Circumduction
Circular movement of the limbs around an axis
Articular Cartilage
Connective tissue covering the ends of long bones
Extension
Increases the angle between two bones
Axial Plane
A horizontal flat surface running from front to back of the body; also known as the transverse plane.
Open Kinematic Chain
A sequence of action in which the body pat farthest from the trunk is free during movement.
Sagittal plane
A vertical flat surface dividing the body into upper and lower parts; also known as the transverse plane
Coronal Plane
A vertical flat surface running from side to side of the body; also know as the frontal plane
Sutures
Joints where a thin layer of dense fibrous connective tissue unites the bones of the skull
ball and socket joints
freely movable joints in which a rounded end of one bone fits into an indented end of another bone; allow the widest range motion.
Rheumatic Fever
A bacterial infection that can be carried in the blood to the joints.
Rheumatoid Arthritis
A connective tissue disorder resulting in severe inflammation of small joints.
Osteoarthritis
A degenerative joint disease
Synovial Membrane
A double layer of connective tissue that lines joint cavities and produces synovial fluid.
Saddle Joint
A freely movable joint between tow bones with complementary shapes; allow a wide rang of motion.
Pivot Joint
A freely movable joint in which a bone moves around a Central axis, creating rotational movement.
Gliding Joint
A freely movable joint that allows bones to make a sliding motion
Concave
A half circle shaped protrusion on a surface
Gomphosis
An immovable Joint in which a conical process fits into a socket held in place by ligaments
Arthritis
An inflammation of an entire joint
Primary Fibrositis
An inflammation of the fibrous connective tissue in a joint
Bursitis
An inflammation of the synovial cavity caused by excessive stress or tension.
Synovial Joint
Freely movable joint; also know as a diarthrosis
Condyloid Joints
Freely movable joints that allow bones to move about one another in many different directions, but not to rotate.
Diarthroses
Freely moveable joints; also known as synovial joints.
Synarthroses
Immovable joints that lack a synovial cavity and are held together by fibrous connective tissue.
Retraction
Movement of a body part backward in a transverse plane
Depression
Movement of a body part downward in a frontal plane.
Protraction
Movement of a body part forward in a transverse plane
elevation
Movement of a body part inward in a frontal plane.
Rotation
Movement of a bone on an axis, toward or away from the body
Abduction
Movement of the limbs toward the mid line of the body.
Adduction
Movement of the limbs toward the mid line of the body.
Supination
Movement of the radius and ulna anterior or superior
Pronation
Movement of the radius and ulna posterior or inferior
Inversion
Movement of the sole of the foot inward
Eversion
Movement of the sole of the foot outwar
Opposition
Movement of the thumb to touch each finger.
Plantar Flexion
Movement that extends the foot.
Dorsiflexion
Movement that flexes the foot.
Amphiarthroses
Slightly movable joints connected by fibrocartilage.
Syndesmoses
Slightly movable joints where bones are connected by ligaments.
Fibrocartilage
Specialized connective tissue with thick collagen fibers.
Kinesiology
The multidisciplinary study of physical activity or movement; encompasses anatomy, bio mechanics, physiology, psycho motor behavior, and social and cultural factors.
Arthroloy
The study of joints
Convex
a half circle shaped protrusion on a surface
Hyperextension
increases the angle between two bones beyond the range of motion
Flexion
movement that decreases the angle between two bones
Joint Articulation
the connecting point of two bones
