Chapter 14 Vocabulary

Hinge Joint

A freely movable joint that allow flexion and extension.

Synovial Fluid

A lubricating substance found in joint cavities

Closed Kinematic Chain

A sequence of action in which the body part farthest from the trunk is fixed during movement

Gout

An accumulation of uric acid crystals in the joint at the base of the large toe and other joints of the feet

Circumduction

Circular movement of the limbs around an axis

Articular Cartilage

Connective tissue covering the ends of long bones

Extension

Increases the angle between two bones

Axial Plane

A horizontal flat surface running from front to back of the body; also known as the transverse plane.

Open Kinematic Chain

A sequence of action in which the body pat farthest from the trunk is free during movement.

Sagittal plane

A vertical flat surface dividing the body into upper and lower parts; also known as the transverse plane

Coronal Plane

A vertical flat surface running from side to side of the body; also know as the frontal plane

Sutures

Joints where a thin layer of dense fibrous connective tissue unites the bones of the skull

ball and socket joints

freely movable joints in which a rounded end of one bone fits into an indented end of another bone; allow the widest range motion.

Rheumatic Fever

A bacterial infection that can be carried in the blood to the joints.

Rheumatoid Arthritis

A connective tissue disorder resulting in severe inflammation of small joints.

Osteoarthritis

A degenerative joint disease

Synovial Membrane

A double layer of connective tissue that lines joint cavities and produces synovial fluid.

Saddle Joint

A freely movable joint between tow bones with complementary shapes; allow a wide rang of motion.

Pivot Joint

A freely movable joint in which a bone moves around a Central axis, creating rotational movement.

Gliding Joint

A freely movable joint that allows bones to make a sliding motion

Concave

A half circle shaped protrusion on a surface

Gomphosis

An immovable Joint in which a conical process fits into a socket held in place by ligaments

Arthritis

An inflammation of an entire joint

Primary Fibrositis

An inflammation of the fibrous connective tissue in a joint

Bursitis

An inflammation of the synovial cavity caused by excessive stress or tension.

Synovial Joint

Freely movable joint; also know as a diarthrosis

Condyloid Joints

Freely movable joints that allow bones to move about one another in many different directions, but not to rotate.

Diarthroses

Freely moveable joints; also known as synovial joints.

Synarthroses

Immovable joints that lack a synovial cavity and are held together by fibrous connective tissue.

Retraction

Movement of a body part backward in a transverse plane

Depression

Movement of a body part downward in a frontal plane.

Protraction

Movement of a body part forward in a transverse plane

elevation

Movement of a body part inward in a frontal plane.

Rotation

Movement of a bone on an axis, toward or away from the body

Abduction

Movement of the limbs toward the mid line of the body.

Adduction

Movement of the limbs toward the mid line of the body.

Supination

Movement of the radius and ulna anterior or superior

Pronation

Movement of the radius and ulna posterior or inferior

Inversion

Movement of the sole of the foot inward

Eversion

Movement of the sole of the foot outwar

Opposition

Movement of the thumb to touch each finger.

Plantar Flexion

Movement that extends the foot.

Dorsiflexion

Movement that flexes the foot.

Amphiarthroses

Slightly movable joints connected by fibrocartilage.

Syndesmoses

Slightly movable joints where bones are connected by ligaments.

Fibrocartilage

Specialized connective tissue with thick collagen fibers.

Kinesiology

The multidisciplinary study of physical activity or movement; encompasses anatomy, bio mechanics, physiology, psycho motor behavior, and social and cultural factors.

Arthroloy

The study of joints

Convex

a half circle shaped protrusion on a surface

Hyperextension

increases the angle between two bones beyond the range of motion

Flexion

movement that decreases the angle between two bones

Joint Articulation

the connecting point of two bones