Chapter 15 Environmental Health

According to the World Health Organization, how many people do not have safe drinking water? Multiple choice question. 500,000 1 million 1 billion 2 billion

2 billion

According to a 2011 report from the United Nations' Convention on Biological Diversity, the population's demands for resources already exceeds the earth's capacity by ______. Multiple choice question. 5% 10% 20% 40%

20%

The world's population is currently about ______. Multiple choice question. 7.6 million 700 million 7.7 billion 70.6 billion

7.7 billion

Select all that apply Which of the following statements regarding alternative fuels are correct? Multiple select question. Ethanol use requires the United States to import more oil. A potential drawback of ethanol is the diversion of corn crops from the food supply. E85 costs approximately the same as regular gasoline. E85 is a mixture of ethanol and coal powder. Some critics say ethanol may cost more to produce than it yields when burned as fuel.

A potential drawback of ethanol is the diversion of corn crops from the food supply. Some critics say ethanol may cost more to produce than it yields when burned as fuel.

A measure of local air quality and what it means for health is called the ______. Multiple choice question. UV Index Heat Index Pollen Count Air Quality Index

Air Quality Index

Since the mid-1980s, a hole in the ozone layer of the atmosphere has appeared seasonally over ______. Multiple choice question. Antarctica Australia Greenland the Pacific Ocean

Antarctica

Which of the following statements about U.S. garbage is accurate? Multiple choice question. Nearly half of all solid waste is toxic. Burning reduces solid waste but can be hazardous. Computer components are non-toxic. Americans recycle and compost nearly all of their trash.

Burning reduces solid waste but can be hazardous.

*Select all that apply Which statements regarding CFCs and the ozone layer are correct? Multiple select question. CFCs react with airborne ice crystals, releasing chlorine atoms. During winter, circular winds form a vortex that keeps the air over Antarctica from mixing with air elsewhere. CFCs are created in the polar regions and help restore the ozone layer over those regions. When CFCs rise into the atmosphere, winds carry them toward polar regions. When the polar vortex strengthens in the summer, winds replenish the lost ozone.

CFCs react with airborne ice crystals, releasing chlorine atoms. During winter, circular winds form a vortex that keeps the air over Antarctica from mixing with air elsewhere. When CFCs rise into the atmosphere, winds carry them toward polar regions.

Select all that apply Which statements regarding discarded consumer electronics technology are correct? Multiple select question. Electronic waste can be hazardous waste because of the varying levels of heavy metals contained within it. It involves discarding old computers, televisions, and other gadgets. Few components of electronic products can be recycled. Americans are discarding fewer electronic products every year.

Electronic waste can be hazardous waste because of the varying levels of heavy metals contained within it. It involves discarding old computers, televisions, and other gadgets.

New technology has made routine X-rays safe. True false question. True False

False

Air pollution is solely the result of human activities. True false question. True False

False: The air can be polluted naturally by forest fires, plant pollen, dust storms, and other natural phenomena.

Radon gas is a byproduct of industrial processes. True/False

False: naturally occurring

Select all that apply What are ways to avoid radiation? Multiple select question. Get X-rays only when needed. Follow the government's recommendations for radon testing. Use sunscreen to protect yourself from the sun's UV radiation. Have full-body CT scans yearly for your routine health screenings. Take vitamins and other supplements.

Get X-rays only when needed. Follow the government's recommendations for radon testing. Use sunscreen to protect yourself from the sun's UV radiation.

Climate change

Global warming

Select all that apply Which of the following statements about DDT are correct? Multiple select question. It was a biodegradable pesticide. It was leading to biomagnification. It was banned in the United States in 1972. It was an ineffective pesticide that was retired.

It was leading to biomagnification. It was banned in the United States in 1972.

Select all that apply Which of the following statements about DDT are correct? Multiple select question. It was leading to biomagnification. It was a biodegradable pesticide. It was banned in the United States in 1972. It was an ineffective pesticide that was retired.

It was leading to biomagnification. It was banned in the United States in 1972.

Select all that apply Which statements regarding asbestos are correct? Multiple select question. It has been removed from all residential and commercial buildings in the United States. It was widely used for fire protection and insulation until the late 1960s. Fibers can lodge in the lungs, causing serious health conditions. It lodges in the arteries, causing serious heart problems.

It was widely used for fire protection and insulation until the late 1960s. Fibers can lodge in the lungs, causing serious health conditions.

Select all that apply What are ways to prevent contact with chemical pollutants? Multiple select question. Store any toxic household products where children or animals cannot get to them. Keep out of a fumigated home for a few days. Wear gloves whenever handling chemicals. Choose petrochemical cleansers and disinfectants.

Store any toxic household products where children or animals cannot get to them. Keep out of a fumigated home for a few days. Wear gloves whenever handling chemicals

Select all that apply Which statements regarding hybrid vehicles are correct? Multiple select question. They use two or more distinct power sources. They cost several thousand dollars more than conventional vehicles. They are being used more commonly in government fleets. They are a bit noisier than conventional vehicles. They achieve less fuel economy than conventional vehicles.

They use two or more distinct power sources. They cost several thousand dollars more than conventional vehicles. They are being used more commonly in government fleets.

Mercury slows fetal and child development and causes irreversible deficits in brain function. True false question. True False

True

Energy consumption is responsible for many environmental problems. True false question. True False

True: Automobile exhaust, the burning of oil and coal, coal mining and the extraction and transportation of oil and natural gas all contribute to environmental problems.

Compostable items are broken down through both biotic and abiotic processes. True false question. True False

True: Both biotic and abiotic processes break down compostable products.

Select all that apply What are ways to prevent chemical contamination? Multiple select question. Use separate measuring utensils to measure food and chemicals. Dispose of household chemicals properly. Burn trash whenever possible. Avoid buying organic or local products.

Use separate measuring utensils to measure food and chemicals. Dispose of household chemicals properly.

Select all that apply Which of the following are common indoor air pollutants? Multiple select question. volatile organic compounds (VOCs) chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) fluoridation

VOCS & ETS

*Select all that apply Which statements regarding CFCs and the ozone layer are correct? Multiple select question. When the polar vortex strengthens in the summer, winds replenish the lost ozone. When CFCs rise into the atmosphere, winds carry them toward polar regions. CFCs are created in the polar regions and help restore the ozone layer over those regions. CFCs react with airborne ice crystals, releasing chlorine atoms. During winter, circular winds form a vortex that keeps the air over Antarctica from mixing with air elsewhere.

When CFCs rise into the atmosphere, winds carry them toward polar regions. CFCs react with airborne ice crystals, releasing chlorine atoms. During winter, circular winds form a vortex that keeps the air over Antarctica from mixing with air elsewhere.

Which statements regarding the greenhouse effect and global warming are correct? Multiple select question. The amount of energy the planet radiates back into space is ultraviolet radiation. Without the greenhouse effect, the atmosphere would be more hostile to life. The temperature of the earth's atmosphere is a balance between energy gain and energy loss. The temperature of the earth's atmosphere depends on the Earth's position in relation to other planets.

Without the greenhouse effect, the atmosphere would be more hostile to life. The temperature of the earth's atmosphere is a balance between energy gain and energy loss.

Which of the following statements about X-ray exposure is accurate? Multiple choice question. Newer X-ray technology delivers the same amount of radiation as older machines. Early X-rays were so damaging that the technology was abandoned for decades. X-ray exposure is cumulative. Today, routine X-rays are safe.

X-ray exposure is cumulative.

*What is a predicted consequence of global warming? Multiple choice question. drought in all areas of the world decreased flooding in the Northern Hemisphere more deaths from cold weather and icy conditions a poleward shift in vegetation zones

a poleward shift in vegetation zones

What is a predicted consequence of global warming? Multiple choice question. more deaths from cold weather and icy conditions decreased flooding in the Northern Hemisphere a poleward shift in vegetation zones drought in all areas of the world

a poleward shift in vegetation zones

Which vehicles would take advantage of an infrastructure of quick-charging stations for batteries? Multiple choice question. hydrogen hybrid electric gasohol-fueled all-electric (EV)

all-electric (EV)

Materials that break down naturally and disappear back into the environment are called ______. Multiple choice question. biographical biodegradable biomagnified biodiverse

biodegradable

Which of the following are sources of renewable energy? Multiple select question. fossil fuels biomass solar power biofuels

biomass solar power biofuels

Select all that apply What are ways to prevent air pollution? Multiple select question. washing clothes in hot water instead of cold water buying energy-efficient appliances keeping cars tuned up and well-maintained carpooling

buying energy-efficient appliances keeping cars tuned up and well-maintained carpooling

What are chemicals used as spray-can propellants that rise into the atmosphere, where they lead to the destruction of the ozone layer? Multiple choice question. particulate matter fossil fuels chlorofluorocarbons greenhouse gases

chlorofluorocarbons

Which of the following is an example of a communicable illness? Multiple choice question. cholera cancer alcoholism diabetes

cholera

Select all that apply What are possible health consequences of exposure to lower doses of gamma rays? Multiple select question. influenza chromosome damage sterility cataracts

chromosome damage sterility cataracts

What is the largest source of mercury? Multiple choice question. insulation materials coal-fired power plants paint products refrigerants and solvents

coal-fired power plants

Since 1950, the average number of children per woman has ______. Multiple choice question. remained the same declined overall increased in Western countries increased overall

declined overall

Select all that apply What are possible health consequences of acute lead exposure? Multiple select question. decreased oxygen transport in the blood mental impairment chronic cough increased autoimmune response

decreased oxygen transport in the blood mental impairment

All of the following are possible health consequence of long-term, low-level lead exposure except which? Multiple choice question. diabetes buildup in bones kidney disease release into the bloodstream during pregnancy

diabetes

Discarded consumer electronics technology is also referred to as ______. Multiple choice question. t-waste septic waste e-waste dt-waste

e-waste

Select all that apply When nuclear power was first developed, it was promoted as ______. Multiple select question. efficient clean safe expensive

efficient clean safe

Select all that apply What are possible consequences of global warming? Multiple select question. elimination of habitat for species that live in the Arctic rapid and drastic melting of the earth's polar ice caps increased mortality from heat stress increased rainfall and flooding in all regions of the world increased ice accumulations at the polar ice caps

elimination of habitat for species that live in the Arctic rapid and drastic melting of the earth's polar ice caps increased mortality from heat stress

Which of the following is a primary factor that may eventually put a cap on human population growth? Multiple choice question. war energy disease collapse of democracy

energy

Extreme energy sources involves which type of energy? Multiple choice question. energy from wind energy from biomass energy from the sun energy from fossil fuels

energy from fossil fuels

Everything that surrounds is referred to as our ______. Multiple choice question. ecosystem environment biome niche

environment

The natural and human-made surroundings in which we spend our lives is called the _______ .

environment

The collective interactions of humans with the environment and the short-term and long-term health consequences of those interactions is called ______ health. Multiple choice question. social ecological spiritual environmental

environmental

Which field emerged from the desire to control communicable diseases? Multiple choice question. cultural geography political science medical sociology environmental health

environmental health

Select all that apply Which of the following are measures to control and prevent communicable diseases? Multiple select question. establishment of public health enforcement systematic garbage collection filtration of drinking water classification of aspirin as an over-the-counter drug calcification of drinking water

establishment of public health enforcement systematic garbage collection filtration of drinking water

Select all that apply Which of the following are measures to control and prevent communicable diseases? Multiple select question. filtration of drinking water establishment of public health enforcement systematic garbage collection calcification of drinking water classification of aspirin as an over-the-counter drug

filtration of drinking water establishment of public health enforcement systematic garbage collection

Select all that apply What are examples of how an individual can protect the water supply? Multiple select question. fix leaky faucets pour toxic materials down the drain take baths, not showers only run dishwashers for full loads install sink faucet aerators

fix leaky faucets only run dishwashers for full loads install sink faucet aerators

Buried deposits of decayed animals and plants that are converted into carbon-rich fuels by exposure to heat and pressure over millions of years are called ______. Multiple choice question. carbon-free fuels biomass fossil fuels renewable resources

fossil fuels

An increase in the earth's atmospheric temperature when averaged across seasons and geographical regions is called ______. Multiple choice question. global warming greenhouse effect smog ground-level ozone

global warming

A metal with a high specific gravity is called a ______. Multiple choice question. loose cannon free radical solid mass heavy metal

heavy metal

Select all that apply Many cities help encourage their residents to dispose of hazardous waste by ______. Multiple select question. holding hazardous waste collection days posting guidelines about proper disposal methods instructing residents to flush hazardous waste down their toilets insisting on the burning of such materials

holding hazardous waste collection days posting guidelines about proper disposal methods

Select all that apply Which methods of obtaining fossil fuels are considered "extreme energy sources" due to the difficulty in accessing them and their potential environmental impacts? Multiple select question. strip mining coal hydraulic fracturing ("fracking") deepwater oil rigs tar sands oil extraction

hydraulic fracturing ("fracking") deepwater oil rigs tar sands oil extraction

Select all that apply Air pollution can ______. Multiple select question. include man-made pollutants include natural pollutants such as pollen dust be harmful to animals but not humans because of their advanced respiratory systems be considered a new problem

include man-made pollutants include natural pollutants such as pollen dust

Select all that apply What are characteristics of a sanitary landfill site? Multiple select question. inclusion of solid waste use of plastic liners close proximity to water supplies limited space requirements

inclusion of solid waste use of plastic liners

Select all that apply Which of the following are chemical pollutants that require precautions in handling or disposal? Multiple select question. indoor mold animal dander insecticides mineral spirits antifreeze

insecticides mineral spirits antifreeze

Biotic processes

involves living organisms

Abiotic processes

involves nonliving factors

Research concerning the dangers of electromagnetic radiation associated with common modern devices ______. Multiple choice question. is inconclusive has determined that the primary danger to humans is from high-voltage power lines has determined that the primary danger to humans is from cell phones and other handheld devices has determined that the primary danger to humans is from older microwaves

is inconclusive

What is not a way to prevent air pollution? Multiple choice question. buy houseplants keep car tires slightly deflated use only energy-efficient lighting keep paints and other chemicals sealed in original containers

keep car tires slightly deflated

Select all that apply What are common indoor air pollutants? Multiple select question. mold smog carbon monoxide pollen

mold carbon monoxide

Select all that apply Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive gas emitted from ______. Multiple select question. natural building materials the rays of the sun rocks fossil fuels

natural building materials rocks

Scientists have observed, since the 1980s, the seasonal appearance and growth of a hole in the layer, which shields the earth from the sun's hazardous UV rays.

ozone

The fragile, invisible layer of the atmosphere approximately 10-30 miles above the earth's surface that shields the planet from the sun's UV rays is known as the ______. Multiple choice question. thermal layer troposphere ozone layer stratosphere

ozone layer

By weight, the largest source of American household waste in 2017 consisted of ______. Multiple choice question. paper products yard trimmings glass plastics

paper

Which chemicals are used to maximize food production by killing insects that eat crops and to prevent the spread of insect-borne diseases? Multiple choice question. herbicides pesticides chlorofluorocarbons biomagnifiers

pesticides

Select all that apply Which of the following are examples of communicable illnesses? Multiple select question. plague diphtheria typhoid fever high cholesterol

plague diphtheria typhoid fever

Which is an industrial chemical used as an insulator in electrical transformers and linked to certain human cancers? Multiple choice question. polychlorinated biphenyl helium titanium dioxide chlorofluorocarbon

polychlorinated biphenyl

Select all that apply What are examples of how an individual can protect the water supply? Multiple select question. purchase a water-saver toilet do not flush old medicines down the toilet run dishwashers with half of a load take bleach or motor oil to hazardous waste collection centers take long baths, not brief showers

purchase a water-saver toilet do not flush old medicines down the toilet take bleach or motor oil to hazardous waste collection centers

The sun, electronics, and nuclear weapons are just some of the sources that create ______. Multiple choice question. homogenization transportation radiation biomagnification

radiation

Select all that apply Water shortages have been caused by the ______. Multiple select question. rapid growth of populations conservation of natural resources melting of the global ice caps pumping of groundwater

rapid growth of populations pumping of groundwater

A disposal site where solid wastes are buried is called a ______. Multiple choice question. sanitary landfill biofuel cell septic system recycling center

sanitary landfill

*Select all that apply Which of the following are measures to control and prevent communicable diseases? Multiple select question. sewage treatment food inspection combined circulation of drinking water and sewage chlorination of drinking water fluoridation of water

sewage treatment food inspection chlorination of drinking water

Hazy atmospheric conditions resulting from increased concentrations of ground-level ozone and other pollutants is called ______. Multiple choice question. fossil fuel greenhouse gas smog particulate matter

smog

Select all that apply What are examples of CFCs? Multiple select question. gases caused by burning fossil fuels solvents coolants in refrigerators deforestation by-products aerosol sprays

solvents coolants in refrigerators aerosol sprays

Ethanol is a renewable alternative transportation fuel produced from ______. Multiple choice question. the decomposition of dead organisms the removal of salt from water by-products of industrial processes starchy agricultural products

starchy agricultural products

Select all that apply What are ways to help reduce solid waste? Multiple select question. buy individually packaged items start a compost pile for organic garbage stop using foil and plastic wrap use paper bags to pack your lunch

start a compost pile for organic garbage stop using foil and plastic wrap

Select all that apply Which conditions are conducive to the creation of smog? Multiple select question. sunny weather high temperatures heavy traffic heavy wind freezing temperatures

sunny weather high temperatures heavy traffic

development is development that meets society's present needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet their needs.

sustainable

Select all that apply Which of the following are the primary causes of the greenhouse effect, smog, and acid precipitation? Multiple select question. the burning of oil and coal by industry and by electric power plants automobile exhaust fracking and other extraction techniques large-scale agriculture

the burning of oil and coal by industry and by electric power plants automobile exhaust

A warming of the earth due to a buildup of carbon dioxide and certain other gases is called ______. Multiple choice question. the greenhouse effect smog the domino effect ground-level ozone

the greenhouse effect

Studies to date have not provided conclusive evidence that cell phone use exposes users to harmful levels of radiation. True false question. True False

true

Which of the following is not among the ways to reduce solid waste? Multiple choice question. avoid using foam or paper cups avoid throwing electronics or batteries into the trash use microplastics avoid disposables

use microplastics