Chapter 15 - Falling, Impact, Acceleration, Lifting, and Vision Hazards

-Flying particles cause most eye injuries. ___% resulted from flying or falling objects or sparks

70

lThe OSHA argues that the 6-foot trigger height saves up to ___ lives per year, and prevents more than 56,000 injuries.

80

•Help employees understand how to lift, bend, reach, stand, walk, and sit safely.

Education and training

Illustrate proper lifting, reaching, sitting, and bending techniques.

Poster illustrations

•Many back injuries in the 1st year of employment are related to preexisting problems.

Pre-employment screening

The plan should be reviewed & updated as part of the safety/health program,

Written map of the program

-About 46,000 ___ _____ in the workplace, causing 100 million lost workdays each year.

back injuries

What Accounting for $12 billion in annual workers' comp costs?

back injuries

What accountsfor -20 to 25% of all workers' compensation claims?

back injuries

About 120,000 people sustain ___ ____ on the job each year, even though many still wear hard hats

head injuries

-This trigger height means that virtually every small residential builder & roofing contractor is subject to the ______

standard

Do's and don'ts of ladder safety include:

- checking for slipperness -Allowing only one person on a ladder at a time -Securing the base and top on a level surface -face the ladder when climbing -avoiding leaning -always holding on with one hand

Protection from impact injuries from falling or projected objects include personal protective equipment to protect the:

- head(hard hats) -eyes and face(goggles or shields) -feet(footwear)

OSHA regulations that apply specifically to fall protection in scaffolding work are as follows:

-1926.451(g)(2) -1926.502(d)(15) -1926.451(d)(16)

Standing hazards can be minimized by using the following:

-Anti-fatigue mats -Shoe inserts -Foot rails -Improved workplace design -Sit/stand chairs

Strategies for preventing slips include the following:

-Choose the right material from the outset -Retrofit an existing surface -Practice good housekeeping -Require nonskid footwear -Inspect surfaces frequently

Major injury types to the foot & toes:

-Falls or impact from sharp or heavy objects.

Typical cause of back injuries in the workplace:

-Improper lifting, reaching, sitting, and bending. -Poor posture, ergonomic factors, and personal lifestyles.

A slip and fall prevention program should have the following components:

-Policy statement/commitment -Review and acceptance of walkways -Reconditioning and retrofitting -Maintenance standards and procedures -Inspection , audits, tests, and records -Employee footwear program -Defense methods for legal claims

The primary causes of falls are

-falling object on the walking surface -design flaw in the walking surface - slippery surface - person's impaired physical condition

OSHA's recommendations for fall protection include the following:

-have a plan -establish requirements -provide equipment and procedures -ensure proper use and type of equipment -provide training

lCoefficient of friction ≤ ____ means the surface is very slippery and very hazardous.

0.20

Coefficient of friction ≥ _____ means there is good traction.

0.40

lEye & face protection are critical in the workplace. -About ______ U.S. workplace eye injuries occur daily.

1,000

-Over___% of all disabling work injuries result from falls.

16

lOriginally introduced in ______, the first hard hats in an industrial setting were inspired by the helmets worn by soldiers in World War I.

1919

In addition to the normal operating brake, suspension scaffold power-operated hoists and manually operated hoists shall have a braking device or locking pawl which engages automatically when a hoist makes either of the following uncontrolled movements: an instantaneous change in momentum or an accelerated overspeed

1926.451(d)(16)

Each employee more than 10 feet above a lower level shall be protected from falls by guardrails or a fall arrest system, except those on single-point and two-point adjustable suspension scaffolds. Each employee on a single-point and two-point adjustable suspended scaffold shall be protected by both a personal fall arrest system and a guardrail.

1926.451(g)(2)

Anchorages used for attachment of personal fall arrest equipment shall be independent of any anchorage being used to support or suspend platforms and capable of supporting at least 5,000 pounds (22.2 kN) per employee attached.

1926.502(d)(15)

lThe use of hard hats in industrial settings in which falling objects are likely has been mandated by federal law since _______.

1971

-Flying particles cause most eye injuries. About ___% were caused by contact with chemicals.

20

lFoot and toe injuries account for almost _____% of all disabling workplace injuries in the U.S. -Over 180,000 workplace foot & toe injuries each year.

20

lNearly half of accidents occurred in manufacturing, with just over ____% in construction.

20

OSHA standard ___________ requires initial training before an employee is allowed to operate a forklift:

29 CFR 1010.178

Opponents counter that the cost of complying with the standard is almost $______ million annually

300

Base one foot away from the wall for every 4 feet between the base and the support point.

4 to 1 ratio

-______% of all lost-time construction industry fall injuries are caused by falls from less than 10 feet.

6

The most comprehensive—and most controversial—fall protection standard is OSHA Subpart M of 29 CFR 1926, which sets the trigger height at __ ___

6 feet

-Any construction employee working higher than _____off the ground must use a fall protection device such as a safety harness and line.

6'

___ ____ from improper lifting are among the most common in an industrial setting.

Back injuries

lMajor injury types to the foot & toes: -_____ when rolled over/pressed by heavy objects.

Compression

lMajor injury types to the foot & toes: -______ of electricity or heat.

Conductivity

lThe best safety boots provide these types of protection: -____-______material for protection from electric shock.

Electricity-resistant

lMajor injury types to the foot & toes: - ______from an energized, conducting material.

Electrocution

Determine what services local agencies & organizations provide, and contact persons

External services

What cause most eye injuries?

Flying particles

____ _____ _____ should be the last line of defense protecting employees from hazards.

Personal protective equipment

lThe best safety boots provide these types of protection: -____-_____ ____for protection against sharp objects.

Puncture-resistant soles

lMajor injury types to the foot & toes: -_______ through the sole of the foot.

Punctures

Identify potential problem areas so that corrective action can be taken immediately

Regular safety inspections

Using materials like runners, skid strips, carpet, grooves, abrasive coatings, grills, and textured coverings

Retrofit an existing surface

lThe best safety boots provide these types of protection: -___ or ____for chemical protection.

Rubber or vinyl

lThe best safety boots provide these types of protection: -___-____ ____ for protection against slippery surfaces.

Slip-resistant soles

lMajor injury types to the foot & toes: -_____ on unstable walking surfaces.

Slips

lThe best safety boots provide these types of protection: -___ ____for impact protection.

Steel toe

Accidents occur when a person's foot encounters an unexpected step down.

Step and fall

occurs when a worker's foot suddenly meets a sticky surface or defect in a walking surface

Stump and fall

accidents occur when workers encounter an unseen foreign object in their path.

Trip and fall

Special attention should be given to ____,_____.____., and _____

building lobbies, restrooms, kitchens, and processing areas.

The ___ ____ ___between surfaces is an effective method for comparing the traction of a walking surface.

coefficient of friction

lMajor injury types to the foot & toes: -Temperature ______.

extremes

What are examples of head protection from impact injuries?

hard hats

The most widely used materials in manufacturing gloves for hand protection are:

leather, cotton, chain link, metal mesh

-Today's hard hats are typically made from ________, a thermoplastic material, using an injection-molding process.

polyethylene

a thermoplastic material, using an injection-molding process

polyethylene

lApproximately 25% of workplace accidents each year involve objects that become ______.

projectiles

Recommendations/timetables for ___/_____ walking surfaces that do not meet review & acceptance criteria

reconditioning/retrofitting

Occurs when the worker's center of gravity is suddenly thrown out of balance.

slip and fall

What is the most common type of fall?

slip and fall

lMajor injury types to the foot & toes: -Hot liquid/metal ______ into shoes or boots.

splashed

T/F: lEmployers are not required to provide footwear for employees, but are required to provide training on foot protection:

true

Originally made of varnished resin-impregnated canvas, hard hats have been made of _____ fiber, aluminum & fiberglass

vulcanized

lCoefficients of friction decrease when a surface is what?

wet