Chapter 15 Objective 2

what are the two motor tracts that are part of the conscious motor commands?

1. anterior corticospinal tract 2. lateral corticospinal tract

what are the 4 tracts part of the sub-conscience motor commands?

1. rubrospinal tract 2. reticulospinal tract 3. tectospinal tract 4. vestibulospinal tract

what percent of information actually goes down straight through the motor tract?

15%

How many neurons does the motor tract have?

2

how many motor tracts are part of the conscious motor commands?

2

how many motor tracts are there?

2

how many motor tracts are a part of the sub-conscience motor commands?

4

who many different types of motor tracts are there?

6

what percent of information coming down spinal cord will shift and go down by crossing over to the other side and be able to exit spinal cord through motor tract?

85%

neurons take information to the skeletal muscle regardless of?

a synapse at the brain stem or if they synapse at the spinal cord

how much wood could a woodchuck chuck if a woodchuck could chuck wood?

a woodchuck could chuck as much wood as a woodchuck could chuck wood

motor information leaves the ______ part of your brain, while sensory enters the _____ part of your brain

anterior; posterior.

if something is sensory we call it? why?

ascending because it is going to be coming from the extremities all the way up to the spinal cord/brain

what is the resulting system if the information goes to the organs instead of skeletal muscle?

autonomic nervous system

what form of neuron will be exiting the cereal cortex?

bilateral

where does the upper motto neuron start its route?

cerebral cortex

if something is motor we call it? why?

descending recuasse it is going from your brain/spinal cord downard

what does the somatic NS entitle?

direct contractions of skeletal muscles

what happens if the upper motor neuron excites the lower-motor neuron? inhibits?

excites: information continues to be passed on inhibits: information is blocked

The lower-motor neurons are only capable of doing what to skeletal muscle fibers?

exciting them

name the path of the upper motor neuron.

exits cerebral cortex, goes down brain stem, then information either travels directly to spinal cord or leaves through brain stem

where does motor information exit and go in the autonomic nervous system?

exits the hypothalamus and goes to specific organs

what do lower-motor neurons do?

relay motor commands from CNS to motor nuclei to skeletal fibers

what is the difference between sensory homunculus and motor homunculus?

sensory shows sensory receptors and motor homunculus shows motor activity

what does the motor homunculus do?

shows all body parts and how much activity happens at each

where are the sensory receptors distributed?*

skeletal muscles or organs

if the motor process is autonomic it is going to affect organs such as? Name 3.

smooth muscle (heart and respiration), glands (secretes less or more glands) and it can affect your adipocytes (where you store more or less energy)

what are some examples of visceral effectors?

smooth muscles, cardiac muscles and glands

what tract allows us to see where the upper motor neurons start?

somatic motor tracts

When things happen without us thinking we call those?

sub-conscience motor commands

where does sensory information and sensory input arrive?

thalamus

what do words such as "rubrospinal" tell us?

where the information will be coming from and where it is going to. for example, it ends in spinal, therefore brain TO spinal cord

after the motor process travels to the organs then it?

will be leaving from the hypothalamus

T/F: the information from the upper motor neurons can only leave the cerebral cortex from a specific area.

F, upper motor neurons can leave from multiple areas of the cerebral cortex

what does the autonomic NS entitle?

visceral effectors

what are some examples the motor homunculus would show?

hands will be big because we move them a lot, especially our fingers due to texting. our tongues will be big on our face because we move our tongues for everything such as talking, eating and swallowing

where is the upper motor neuron synapse?

high up in the cortex with the skeletal muscle

What does the CNS do?

issues a motor command in response to information provided by the sensory systems

what can the upper-motor neuron do to the lower-motor neuron?

it can either excite or inhibit the lower-motor neuron

what happens after the upper motor neuron synapses with the skeletal muscle?

it goes all the way down and synapses at the level of the spinal cord with neurons that are going to be taking information to the skeletal muscle

what do we call it when the sensory receptors are distributed to skeletal muscles?

it is a somatic nervous system

where does information go if it is NOT going to skeletal muscle for motor command?

it is going to do to the organs

what is the upper-motor neuron?

it is the neuron that is going to be exiting the cerebral cortex

what does bilateral mean in reference to a neuron exiting the cerebral cortex?

it will exit on both side AKA both hemispheres

what is the information coming out of the CNS?

motor command

what is the name of the homunculus now in the motor tract?

motor homunculus

if the process is motor it will most probably be traveling to the?

organs

Where do the neurons appear in the autonomic nervous system?

the appear a bit lower on the cerebral cortex, specifically at the level of the hypothalamus

what do we call it when the sensory receptors are distributed to organs?

the autonomic nervous system

after a motor process leaves the hypothalamus it can now leave from?

the base of the brain (brain stem) or down down the spinal cord

How is the motor command generated?

the motor command is generated by information that comes through sensory receptors

anterior coticospinal tract or lateral corticospinal tracts means that?

the tracts are going from your cerebral cortex to your spinal cord

what are the conscious motor commands?

things that we have to think about before it can happen

what is the first neuron going to be called? second?

upper motor neuron; lower motor neuron

what are the two neurons of the motor tract?

upper-motor neurons and lower-motor neurons

although the information can take different paths, where does it exit through?

ventral root

what is another term used for organs as a delivery site?

visceral