Chapter 15: The War of the Union 1861-1865

While some Southerners supported the Confederate cause, most Southerners fought as Union soldiers during the Civil War.

False

Identify the main advantages the North had during the Civil War.

-industrial development and infrastructure -three-to-one advantage in human resources

Identify the congressional reforms passed to address the war's substantial cost for the Union.

-printing paper money -selling government bonds to investors -raising taxes

Militia Act of 1862

law that allowed African American soldiers to serve in the Union military

Abraham Lincoln worked with General George B. McClellan—"Little Napoleon"—who was a military strategist, to plan the successful capture of the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia.

False

After the fall of Fort Sumter and the outbreak of the Civil War, civilian supporters of the Union and the Confederacy alike wanted their respective forces to advance slowly and cautiously to avoid an early defeat and to spare as many American lives as possible.

False

President Lincoln was equally dedicated to ending both the abomination of slavery and the Confederate secessionist rebellion.

False

The Confederate soldiers at Vicksburg were determined to face horror and hardship rather than consider surrender to the Union.

False

Identify how Robert E. Lee responded to the siege of Vicksburg.

He sought to develop a military strategy to try to persuade Copperhead Democrats to end the war. He would strike again into the North to force a Union retreat from Vicksburg to defend its home territory.

Why was the Civil War considered the first "modern" war?

Innovations in communications such as the telegraph were developed for military use. A variety of new weapons were used in battle that could kill more accurately and at greater distances. Civilians could follow the status of the war through newspapers and photo exhibits.

Identify ways by which the Civil War profoundly changed the South economically.

It destroyed modes of transportation within the South., It destroyed the southern economy and cut its productivity in half.

Six generals and 1,750 soldiers were lost in Pickett's Charge at the Battle of Gettysburg. What impact did this "grand charge" have on the Confederate cause?

It was the climactic assault on the Union lines during the Battle of Gettysburg. The charge was a great failure for the Confederacy, which forced the Rebel army to retreat to Virginia.

Put the following key emancipation efforts in chronological order.

Lincoln abolished slavery in Washington DC. Union wins Battle at Antietam. Lincoln signs Emancipation Proclamation. Battle of Fredericksburg begins. New York draft day riots break out.

What was President Lincoln's primary motivation for directly attacking the institution of slavery?

Lincoln moved to weaken the Confederacy by dismantling the institution of slavery because "we must free the slaves or ourselves be subdued

Identify how the Emancipation Proclamation affected the Militia Act and the composition of the Union's armed forces.

More than 180,000 black troops enlisted in the Union army, approximately 80 percent of whom were from the South. Freed blacks became eligible for the first time to serve in the Union army and were aggressively recruited after the Emancipation Proclamation.

So many men were away fighting the war in the South that the home front became largely the domain of women, children, and slaves

TRUE

Which of the following statements accurately describe the Emancipation Proclamation and its impact on the Civil War?

The Emancipation Proclamation transformed Lincoln's war to preserve the Union into a crusade to end the institution of slavery. In an act of war, Lincoln chose to emancipate all enslaved individuals held in territories still at war with the Union as of January 1, 1863.

Department of Agriculture

created a federal agency to aid farmers and ensure the food supply

Homestead Act

granted 160 acres of public land to settlers who would work the land for five years

Union

possessed greater industrial development, railroads, and ships drew slaves seeking freedom, as they began to see this side's armed forces as a force of liberation had greater human resources, with a population of 22 million (400,000 of whom were enslaved blacks)

Legal Tender Act

resulted in the Treasury issuing $450 in paper currency

Morrill Land Grant Act

supported the teaching of agriculture and "mechanic arts" by providing federal aid to state-supported colleges and universities

Confederacy

waged a defensive war on their home turf won the first major battle since the fall of Ft. Sumter had a more experienced officer corps and seemingly more confident soldiers

One contemporary journalist wrote, "No conflict in history was such a woman's war as the Civil War." Identify the ways in which women contributed to the war efforts that support this statement

women played prominent roles in the war, ranging from working as nurses to supporting the freedmen's aid movement