CHAPTER 15

*Why do so many people believe there is a link between autism and the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine? A prestigious medical journal published a paper, which was later retracted, that identified a link. Autism rates increased in every city with an aggressive vaccination program. Everyone knows that vaccinations are unhealthy. Parents with autistic children can see a clear link between vaccinations and autism.

A prestigious medical journal published a paper, which was later retracted, that identified a link.

*Nicole is socially inhibited and oversensitive to negative evaluation. She was thinking about a career in nursing, but she changed her mind because she believes the doctors would criticize her and patients would reject her. She has never been on a date because she feels socially inept and unappealing; she avoids meeting new people because anything less than immediate, unconditional acceptance causes her anxiety. Just yesterday she was invited to go on a kayak trip, but she didn't go because she was worried she would embarrass herself. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Nicole's personality? avoidant personality disorder dependent personality disorder obsessive-compulsive personality disorder schizotypal personality disorder

Avoidant personality disorder

*Who identified psychological disorders as a harmful dysfunction? Jerome C. Wakefield John Waller Stanley Rachman Thomas Szasz

Jerome C. Wakefield

Which of the following is false of dissociative disorders?

People with these disorders exhibit a personality style that differs markedly from the expectations of their culture.

*Which of the following exemplifies a symptom of schizotypal personality disorder? Stella is devoted to her work and works so much that she has no time for friends or family. Stella laughed when her dog died and cried while watching a funny movie. Stella often lies, fights, and gets into trouble with police. When Stella's father asked how her day was, she interpreted it as a threat.

Stella laughed when her dog died and cried while watching a funny movie.

*Which of the following is not a reason that ADHD may be overdiagnosed? Doctors are too quick to medicate children as a behavior treatment. The amount of ADHD in the population has increased tenfold since it was first identified. There is greater awareness of ADHD now than in the past. What might seem like inattention to some parents and teachers could simply reflect exposure to too much technology.

The amount of ADHD in the population has increased tenfold since it was first identified.

*Who argued that the notion of mental illness was invented by society (and the mental health establishment) to stigmatize and subjugate people whose behavior violates accepted social and legal norms? Isla Fischer John Waller Marcia Cross Thomas Szasz

Thomas Szasz

From an early age, Kwaku got into trouble constantly. He continually violates the rights of others and he often lies, fights, and has problems with the law. Generally, he is impulsive and fails to think ahead. He is frequently deceitful and manipulative in order to get the things he wants, and he never regrets his misdeeds or considers the feelings of those he has harmed. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Kwaku's personality?

antisocial personality disorder

*________ disorders are characterized by excessive, persistent fear and apprehension and by related disturbances in behavior. anxiety body dysmorphic obsessive-compulsive personality

anxiety

*Egon can't pay attention in class. He is easily distracted, won't sit still, and displays poor impulse control. The school counselor suggested that his parents take him to a doctor to have him assessed for ________. Asperger's syndrome attention deficit hyperactivity disorder autism spectrum disorder schizoid personality disorder

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

*The ________ perspective suggests that psychological disorders result largely from faulty physical processes, and the ________perspective emphasizes the importance of factors such as stress and thoughts as well as environmental factors in the development of psychological disorders. biological; psychological diathesis; supernatural medical; stress psychological; biological

biological and psychological

*Phyllis cannot be alone. Her moods and behaviors are unstable, as are her relationships with other people. She often displays inappropriate and intense anger. Recently, Phyllis wrote a suicide note and offered to show it to her husband. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for her personality? antisocial personality disorder avoidant personality disorder borderline personality disorder schizotypal personality disorder

borderline personality disorder

*Etiology is another word for ________. causes conditions forms psychopathology

causes

*What should be changed to make the following sentence true? "Acrophobia is characterized by intense fear, anxiety, and avoidance of situations in which it might be difficult to escape or receive help if one experiences symptoms of a panic attack." change the word "acrophobia" to the word "agoraphobia" change the word "acrophobia" to the word "arachnophobia" change the word "escape" to the word "survive" change the word "panic" to the word "heart

change the word "acrophobia" to the word "agoraphobia"

*What should be changed to make the following sentence true? "For centuries, psychological disorders were viewed from a natural perspective: attributed to a force beyond scientific understanding." change the word "psychological" to the word "biological" change the word "abnormalities" to the word "anomalies" change the word "disorders" to the word "pathologies" change the word "perspective" to the word "theory"

change the word "natural" to the word "supernatural"

*Identify the obsession in the following sentence. "Keisha is overly concerned about germs, so she spends hours wiping the surfaces of her home and washing her hands." concern over germs germs spending hours washing her hands spending hours wiping the surfaces of her homeDifficulty: ModerateAPA Standard: 1.1

concern over germs

*The ________ model suggests that people with a predisposition for a disorder are more likely to develop the disorder when faced with adverse environmental or psychological events. diathesis-stress supernatural Szasz Venn

diathesis-stress

*Fidel suddenly wanders away from his home and experiences confusion about his identity. Fidel may be experiencing a(n) ________. associative fugue catatonia depersonalization dissociative fugue

dissociative fugue

*Donna exhibits two separate personalities, each well-defined and distinct from one another, so Dr. Paulson diagnosed Donna with ________ disorder. anxiety dissociative identity personality schizophrenia

dissociative identity

*Which of the following is a common characteristic of all anxiety disorders? above average number of phobias excessive, persistent fear and anxiety inability to control the body's reaction to fear sporadic, intense panic attacks

excessive, persistent fear and anxiety

*Miguel worries excessively about things beyond his control, and his worries often interfere with his life. He avoids driving because he worries about car accidents. He calls his parents twice a day because he worries they are dead. He checks his credit card statement three times a day because he worries about identity theft. Miguel probably suffers from ________. free-floating anxiety disorder generalized anxiety disorder obsessive-compulsive disorder persistent depressive disorder

generalized anxiety disorder

*What should be changed to make the following sentence true? "The stress model suggests that people with a predisposition for a disorder are more likely to develop the disorder when faced with stress." insert the word "diathesis-" before the first appearance of the word "stress" change the first appearance of the word "stress" with the word "trauma" change the second appearance of the word "disorder" with the word "diathesis" change the word "predisposition" to the word "susceptibility"

insert the word "diathesis-" before the first appearance of the word "stress"

Which of the following is an example of avolition?

lack of motivation to bathe yourself

*Nathan has an overinflated and unjustified sense of self-importance. He is preoccupied with fantasies of success and believes that he is entitled to special treatment from others. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Nathan's personality? borderline personality disorder histrionic personality disorder narcissistic personality disorder schizotypal personality

narcissistic personality disorder

*If Laura has bipolar disorder, then she ________. experiences flashbacks interspersed with depression never thinks about the risk that a major depressive episode will follow a manic episode often experiences mood states that vacillate between depression and mania once started a day euphoric and ended the day tired

often experiences mood states that vacillate between depression and mania

*________ delusions involve the (false) belief that other people or agencies are plotting to harm the person. grandiose hallucination paranoid somatic

paranoid

*Which of the following is not a risk factor for suicide? alcohol dependence history of previous suicide attempts popular music that promotes suicide substance abuse

popular music that promotes suicide

*Cordelia, an active duty marine, served in Afghanistan. While she was on patrol with her friend, an IED went off, killing her friend and injuring her. In the two months since her friend died, Cordelia has been jumpy, irritable, avoids talking about her friend, and once every few days experiences a flashback to the explosion. Cordelia is experiencing a ________ disorder. antisocial personality mood posttraumatic stress schizotypal personality

posttraumatic stress

*Schizophrenia is considered a ________ disorder. mood obsessive-compulsive personality psychotic

psychotic

*What do obsessive-compulsive disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, and hoarding disorder have in common? conviction that the patient herself is the cause of many people's troubles generalized anxiety and specific phobias obsession with the suffering of others repetitive thoughts and urges, as well as an uncontrollable need to engage in repetitive behavior and mental acts

repetitive thoughts and urges, as well as an uncontrollable need to engage in repetitive behavior and mental acts

*Which psychological disorder is characterized by major disturbances in thought, perception, and behavior? anxiety bipolar personality schizophrenia

schizophrenia

*Alexis experiences the symptoms of major depressive disorder, but only during midwinter. What kind of depression does Alexis have? bipolar peripartum/postpartum persistent depressive seasonal pattern

seasonal pattern

*Diondre harbors the belief that spider eggs have been implanted underneath his fingernails. What kind of delusion is this? disorganized grandiose paranoid somatic

somatic

*________ involves thoughts of death by suicide, thinking about or planning suicide, or making a suicide attempt. flight of ideas rumination suicidal ideation suicide

suicidal ideation

*Due to Dominique' s obsessive-compulsive disorder, she may ________. exhibit an extreme fear of water insist that she hears voices refuse to leave her bed due to anxiety over what might happen during the day wash her hands every 10 minutes throughout the day.

wash her hands every 10 minutes throughout the day.

*Which of the following is an example of a diathesis-stress model? Ozzie has a genetic predisposition towards depression, but he did not experience depression until his mother and father died. Ozzie treats his depression by exposing himself to a series of stressors so he can learn coping skills. Ozzie treats his manic episodes by using medication to induce depression. Ozzie's doctor does not believe that mental illness has a biological basis.

Ozzie has a genetic predisposition towards depression, but he did not experience depression until his mother and father died.

*Which of the following is true about neurodevelopmental disorders? All neurodevelopmental disorders are diagnosed in early childhood. All neurodevelopmental disorders are diagnosed in middle-aged patients. All neurodevelopmental disorders are disorders of the elderly. Neurodevelopmental disorders are not diagnosed in males.

- All neurodevelopmental disorders are diagnosed in early childhood.

*Which of the following is a good example of a flashback? Eugene was bitten by a snake. Now when he sees a snake, he is careful to move away slowly and silently. Eugene was in a boating accident. Now he experiences intense fear of large bodies of water and avoids boats. Eugene was in a car accident. He is convinced that if he starts, stops, and restarts the engine five times in a row he will avoid having a car accident. Eugene was in a motorcycle accident. When he hears a sudden loud noise he relives the accident and feels as if it is happening all over again.

Eugene was in a motorcycle accident. When he hears a sudden loud noise he relives the accident and feels as if it is happening all over again.

*Which of the following exemplifies a symptom of histrionic personality disorder? Phoebe feels helpless when she is alone, and she can't make decisions on her own. Phoebe feels uncomfortable when she is not the center of attention, and she has alienated friends by demanding excessive amounts of their attention. Phoebe is impulsive, unpredictable, and sometimes engages in self-mutilation. Phoebe often displays an overinflated and unjustified sense of self-importance.

Phoebe feels uncomfortable when she is not the center of attention, and she has alienated friends by demanding excessive amounts of their attention.

*Lovell is noticeably fidgety and jittery. He can't sit still; he paces, wrings his hands, and pulls at his clothing constantly. Lovell suffers from psychomotor________. agitation distress rigidity tension

agitation

*What should be changed to make the following sentence true? "A person diagnosed with a specific anxiety experiences excessive, distressing, and persistent fear about a particular object or situation." change the word "anxiety" to the word "phobia" change the word "fear" to the word "terror" change the word "specific" to the word "generalized" change the word "specific" to the word "simple"

change the word "anxiety" to the word "phobia"

*A psychological disorder is ____ condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors condition characterized by normal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors manifestation of a psychopathology situational, idiosyncratic, or unconventional inner feelings

condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

What symptom of schizophrenia is illustrated by the following example? So bees with knees have fleas and fleas jump, I jump like a jack, Jack the Giant Killer. Giants kill and transform things and something happened, but we can't hear because our eyes are like flies that flew away.

disorganized thinking

Which of the following factors does not strongly predict the development of posttraumatic stress disorder?

experiencing trauma in isolation

*A recent study compared the vaccination histories of 256 children with autism spectrum disorder with that of 752 control children across three time periods during their first two years of life. Researchers found that ________. a combination of genetics, mental predisposition, and bad parenting combined with the MMR vaccination caused autism spectrum disorder delaying vaccinations lessened the odds that a child would develop autism spectrum disorder after a vaccination quantity of immunogens from vaccines received during the first two years of life was related to the development of autism spectrum disorder the quantity of immunogens from vaccines received during the first two years of life were not at all related to the development of autism spectrum disorder

the quantity of immunogens from vaccines received during the first two years of life were not at all related to the development of autism spectrum disorder

*Apollonia was diagnosed with major depressive disorder five years ago. She knows her mother took medicine to combat depression and she worries her daughter will experience depression too. Why? Apollonia also suffers from social anxiety disorder. Mood disorders are more likely to occur in younger people. Mood disorders have been shown to have a strong genetic and biological basis. People who grow up with a depressed parent become depressed themselves.

Mood disorders have been shown to have a strong genetic and biological basis.