chapter 16
Joe is disappointed when his teammate Tim gets promoted because he feels that he has worked harder and is more deserving of the promotion. Which of the following will most likely help Joe to overcome this sense of inequity?
He should reduce his level of effort.
The items that influence the degree of job dissatisfaction are called ________?
Maintenance factors
The most basic motivation strategy for managers is ________?
Mangerial communication
________ gives employees a reason to perform while ________ influences employees to voluntarily perform?
Motivation; Leadership
________ needs are satisfied through adequate wages or salaries paid by the management.
Physiological and security
Which of the following is a process theory of motivation?
Porter-Lawler theory
The theory which stresses on the fact that the perceived value of a reward is determined by both intrinsic and extrinsic rewards is
Porter-Lawler theory of motivation
Alderfer's relatedness needs relate to Maslow's ________ needs?
Social
A manager in an IT company believes that his team members are inherently lazy, dislike work, and will avoid work if they can. He relies heavily on threat and coercion to gain their compliance. Which of the following theories of human motivation is evident here? `
Theory X
________ involves negative assumptions about people that managers often use as a basis for dealing with their subordinates?
Theory x
Eddie Burns is the accounts manager of Avatar Inc., and a very optimistic person. He knows what he wants from his subordinates and believes that they will always do their best to get the work done. Eddie's behavior is consistent with the ________?
Theory y
Which theory is a set of essentially positive assumptions about human nature?
Theory y
Which of the following statements is true about system 2 of Likert's management systems?
This style of management is characterized by a condescending master-to-servant—style confidence and trust in subordinates.
T or F A self-actualization need refers to the desire to maximize whatever potential an individual possesses?
True
T or F Behavior modification is a program that focuses on managing human activity by controlling the consequences of performing that activity, such as rewards and punishments?
True
T or F In reality, managers do not motivate people. Rather, they create environments in which organization members motivate themselves?
True
T or F Most job rotation programs are ineffective as motivation strategies as people become bored with all the jobs they are rotated into?
True
T or F Use of punishment, although effective, may have undesirable side effects, if it is emphasized over the long term?
True
Which of the following theories describes how motivation occurs?
Vroom expectancy theory
47) According to McClelland, people who have the desire to do something better or more efficiently than it has ever been done before have a high need for ?
achievement
The difference between needs-goal theory and Vroom's expectancy theory is that Vroom's theory
addresses the issue of motivation strength
According to McClelland's acquired needs theory, a manager who has a cooperative, team-centered management style, who prefers to influence subordinates to complete tasks through team efforts, has a high need for ?
affiliation
According to McClelland, people who have the desire to maintain close, friendly, and personal relationships have a high need for ?
affiliation
Content theories of motivation
are explanations that emphasize peoples' internal characteristics
________ focuses on encouraging appropriate actions by controlling the consequences of those actions?
behavior modification
To maximize satisfaction, people with a high need for achievement are more likely to set goals that are ?
challenging and achievable
Rolfo Company offers its employees the opportunity to buy shares of the company stock as a way to motivate them to boost production. This kind of a program is called ________?
employee stock ownership plans (ESOP)
Job ________ could be equated to Vertical loading of a job while Job ________ could be equated to Horizontal loading of a job?
enrichment; enlargement
The theory based on the concept that individuals compare their inputs and outcomes with their coworkers to determine if they are being treated fairly is the
equity theory of motivation
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, once someone has fulfilled his social needs, he would then be motivated to meet his ?
esteem needs
According to Maslow, if an individual is driven to get respect from others, the person is being motivated by the?
esteem needs
Henry Robert's phenomenal contribution to the project was recognized by his boss. Appreciating Robert's contribution, his boss promoted him to the position of team leader for their upcoming project and vested upon him the responsibility of heading a team of 15 members. In accordance with Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following needs of Robert's has been satisfied?
esteem needs
The ________ need of Maslow's hierarchy of needs is generally divided into two categories: self-respect and respect from others.
esteem needs
In Alderfer's ERG theory, which of the following refers to the need for physical wellbeing?
existence need
Which of the following is a basic category of need identified by Clayton Alderfer in his ERG theory?
existence, relatedness, and growth
rewards are those that come directly from performing a task.
expectancies
T or F A process theory of motivation is an explanation of motivation that emphasizes people's personality and characteristics.
false
T or F According to equity theory, the only way people react when treated unfairly at work is seeking employment elsewhere.
false
Which of the following is an example of an extrinsic reward?
getting a salary increment
In Alderfer's ERG theory, the need for continuing personal development refers to the?
growth need
According to McClelland's acquired needs theory, an individual who is greatly motivated to influence others and to assume responsibility for subordinates' behavior has a ?
high need for power
A disadvantage of using flextime programs is ________?
inability to coordinate projects
In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, a social need
includes the desire for love, companionship, and friendship
Which of the following behaviors is an attempt to relieve tension and frustration on the part of an employee who lacks motivation due to unsatisfied needs?
increased aggression
According to Argyris' continuum, as individuals progress from immaturity to maturity, they ?
indulge in more activities
Process theory of motivation
is an explanation of motivation that emphasizes how individuals are motivated.
According to the Vroom expectancy theory, motivation strength
is determined by the perceived value of the result of performing a behavior and the perceived probability the behavior will cause the result to materialize
Motivation
is the inner state that causes an individual to behave in a way that ensures the accomplishment of some goal.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs has been criticized because ?
it is questionable whether human needs can be arranged in such a hierarchy
The process of increasing the number of operations an individual performs in a job is ________?
job enlargement
Incorporating motivators into a job situation is ________?
job enrichment
The process of moving workers from one job to another rather than requiring them to perform only one simple and specialized job over the long run is ________?
job rotation
According to Herzberg, the factors influencing the degree of job satisfaction are called ________?
motivating factors
Maslow would tell us humans are wanting human beings who want their ________ to be satisfied?
needs
The most fundamental motivation theory that begins with an individual feeling a need is
needs-goals theory
A reward that consists of the elimination of an undesirable consequence of behavior is ________?
negative reinforcement
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following needs includes the needs for water, food, rest, shelter, and air?
physiological need
The correct order of Maslow's hierarchy of needs is?
physiological, security, social, esteem, self-actualization
________ is a reward that consists of a desirable consequence of behavior?
positive reinforcement
According to McClelland, people who have the desire to influence other people and assume responsibility for others have a high need for
power
A tire manufacturing company's policy states that all employees working on machines and directly involved in production are entitled to an additional half-hour break along with a 40-minute lunch break. In this scenario, the company is satisfying the ________ of the employees.
psychological need
________ is the presentation of an undesirable behavior consequence or the removal of a desirable behavior consequence that decreases the likelihood the behavior will continue?
punishment
A self-actualization need ?
refers to the desire to maximize whatever potential an individual possesses
in Alderfer's ERG theory, the need for satisfying interpersonal relationships is the ?
relatedness need
A toy manufacturing company providing its employees with job security, health insurance, and retirement benefits is concerned about its employees'
safety needs
The ________ need of Maslow's hierarchy of needs relates to the individual's desire to be free from harm, including both bodily and economic disaster.
security
In a non-profit public setting of a high school, a principal who strives to outdo her predecessors and become the best principal possible would be satisfying his ?
self -actualization needs
When an individual leaves an organization to start up a company because the former did not provide room for the growth or development of his potential, Maslow's theory would predict that the individual is being motivated by ?
self actualization needs
A well-known brand management company is emphasizing creating a sense of community within their organization via team-based projects and various cultural events to promote a friendly atmosphere. Under the given circumstance, which of the following of Maslow's hierarchy of needs is the company emphasizing?
social need
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, a person's desire to be accepted by others is reflected by the ?
social need
Concerns about Maslow's Hierarchy should remind managers to look upon the hierarchy more as a/an ________ statement than as a/an ________ description of human needs?
subjective; objective
In Likert's Management System, which management style can be categorized by a lack of confidence or trust in subordinates, with the bulk of all decision making being done at the top of the organization?
system 1
Which of the following theories was developed to counter the criticisms of and expand on Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
Alderfer's ERG theory
The personal and natural development of people to explain human needs is the primary focus of the ?
Argyris's maturity-immaturity continuum
Which of the following theories is a content theory of motivation?
Argyris's maturity-immaturity continuum
When Jenn Williams joined Conrad Inc. as a business analyst, she was very happy with her job profile and the pay package. However, one year into the job has made her realize that this is not her cup of tea. While she has a good relationship with her coworkers and her supervisors are understanding, she feels that her hard work often goes unnoticed. Being an ambitious person herself, this lack of acknowledgment is unsettling. Which of the following is most likely to be true in this scenario?
Conrad Inc. focuses more on hygiene factors than motivating factors.
T or F Leadership is the inner state that causes an individual to behave in a way that ensures the accomplishment of some goal.
False
T or F Managers with a high need for affiliation are autocratic and prefer to get the tasks done themselves.?
False
T or F Theory X is a set of essentially positive assumptions about human nature.
False
