Chapter 16 Assessing Eyes
How should you use an ophthalmoscope
-Begin about 10 to 15 in from the client at a 15-degree angle to the client's side. -Pretend that the ophthalmoscope is an extension of your eye. -Stay focused on the red reflex as you move in closer, then rotate the diopter setting to see the optic disc.
How should you not use an opthalmoscope?
-Do not use your right eye to examine the client's left eye or your left eye to examine the client's right eye (your noses will bump). -Do not move the ophthalmoscope around; ask the client to look into the light to view the fovea and macula. -Do not get frustrated—the ophthalmologic examination requires practice.
What are some equipment used to assess the eyes?
-Snellen or E chart -Hand-held Snellen card or near-vision screener -Jaeger test -Penlight -Opaque cards Ophthalmoscope
Normal near vision acuity?
14/14
Whats normal distant vision acuity?
20/20
How many bones are in the human body?
206
When should the nurse teach the adult female client to perform SBE?
8 to 10 days before ovulation
What's presbyopia?
A gradual, age-related loss of the eyes' ability to focus actively on nearby objects also known as age-related farsightedness
Whats a corneal light reflex test?
A test where you use a penlight to observe parallel alignment of light reflection on corneas
Whats an opthalmoscope used for?
An instrument for inspecting the retina and other parts of the eye.
Opacity or clouding of the eye's lens
Cataracts
Whats the leading cause of blindness worldwide?
Cataracts
True or False: When testing near visual acuity, the client should be asked to remove his or her glasses
False When testing near visual acuity, the client should keep his or her glasses on.
True or false: In 3rd nerve paralysis, the eyes cannot look down when turned inward.
False. In 3rd nerve paralysis, the eye looks straight ahead. If the eyes cannot look down when turned inward, it indicates 4th nerve paralysis.
True or false: The lens flattens to focus on close objects and bulges to focus on far objects
False: The lens bulges to focus on close objects and flattens to focus on far objects. This is possible due to the refractive ability of the lens.
The cover test is used to assess for:
Test that uses an opaque card to cover an eye to observe for eye movement.
True or false: Exposure to ultraviolet radiation increases the risk for development of cataracts.
True
True or false: Presbyopia is a common condition in clients over 45 years of age?
True
What is a Jaeger chart used for?
Used in testing near vision acuity.
What;s a confrontation test?
a quick and easy way to measure your overall field of vision
What is the snellen chart used for?
visual acuity
Testicular cancer occurs most frequently in clients of which age group?
young adolescents to young adults
What are the external structure of the eye?
•Eyelids •Lateral (outer) and medial (inner) canthus •Eyelashes, conjunctiva •Lacrimal apparatus •Extraocular muscles
Risk factors for cataracts?
•Increasing age •Diabetes mellitus •Excessive alcohol use •Exposure to sunlight (ultraviolet B light) •Exposure to ionizing radiation, such as that used in X-rays and cancer radiation therapy •High blood pressure •Obesity •Previous eye injury, inflammation, surgery •Prolonged steroid use •Cigarette smoking
Abnormalities of External Eye
•Ptosis •Exophthalmos •Entropion •Ectropion •Chalazion •Blepharitis •Conjunctivitis •Hordeolum
What are the internal structures of the eye?
•Sclera, cornea, iris, ciliary body •Pupil, lens, choroid, retina, optic disc •Physiologic cup, retinal vessels •Anterior chamber, posterior chamber
What are risk reduction for cataracts?
•Wear sunglasses that block UVB rays. •Avoid smoking or quit smoking. •Avoid excessive alcohol intake. •Avoid eye injuries. •Maintain healthy weight. •Use eye protectant equipment if necessary. •Seek medication treatment for prolonged or unusual eye inflammation or any eye injury. •Regular eye examination.
What's the positions test used for?
To observe for eye movement