chapter 16
According to Erikson, ____ occurs in middle adulthood and encompasses adults' desire to leave legacies of themselves.
generativity
According to Erikson, develops when middle-aged adults sense they have not done anything for the next generation.
stagnation
By middle age, more than ______ percent of middle aged adults provide care for parents or parents-in-law.
40%
Roughly, what percentage of adults responded that adults have a duty to care for their aging parents?
80%
The majority of sibling relationships in middle adulthood can be described as
close
Which of the following are part of the Big Five factors of personality
extraversion agreeableness openness
When men face stress, they are more likely to respond in a ______ pattern, while women are more likely to respond in a ______ pattern.
fight or flight; tend and befriend
Jacob, who is 45, has amassed a lot of wealth but has not done anything to benefit the next generation. According to Erikson, he may be in a state of
stagnation
By 2020, experts project that _____ of children at 30 years of age will still have living grandparents.
80%
According to Levinson, what are the two major tasks to be mastered in early adulthood?
Exploring the possibilities for adult livingDeveloping a stable life structure
When parents experience a sharp drop in marital satisfaction after adult children leave the home, this is known as
empty nest
Parents who live vicariously through their children and who report a decline in marital satisfaction when their children leave the home are experiencing ______.
empty nest syndrome
In general, high scores on the Big Five factor of ______ are associated with less optimal life outcomes. Multiple choice question.
neuroticism
Having a positive outlook on life and minimizing problems is known as
optimism
Why are middle-aged adults sometimes described as the "sandwich" generation?
Because they must care for their adolescent and young adult children as well as their aging parents
The ______ study found little to support the view that personality universally changes or remains stable from early adolescence through a portion of midlife. Multiple choice question.
Berkeley
Which of the following statements about grandparenting and longevity are TRUE?
In 1900, only 4% of 10-year-olds had four living grandparents. The current trend in delaying childbearing is likely to offset the increasing longevity of grandparents somewhat. In 2000, 40% of 10-year-olds had four living grandparents.
Because many middle-aged adults today are responsible for their children as well as for their aging parents, what names are given to this generation?
Overload Squeezed Sandwich
Which two theorists conducted the Baltimore Study using a five-factor personality test?
Paul Costa Robert McCrae
Which research project studied more than 500 children and their parents in the 1920s and early 1930s and then again as they entered midlife, resulting in the book Present and Past in Middle Life?
The Berkeley Longitudinal Studies
What was the name of Daniel Levinson's report on his extensive interviews with middle-aged men?
The Seasons of a Man's Life
Which of the following is NOT a belief attributed to the contemporary life-events approach?
The stress of life events alone influences a person's development.
The term ______ refers to the fact that groups of individuals born during the same time period act and react according to a shared set of historical and social expectations.
cohort effects
Romantic love tends to be stronger in early adulthood, while ______ love tends to be stronger in middle adulthood.
companionate
Research has shown that having an optimistic outlook on life is generally associated with which of the following?
longer life greater relationship satisfaction better physical health
In middle adulthood, affectionate or companionate love increases. This form of love includes the qualities of
security mutual emotional interest loyalty
The Berkeley studies found that the most stable aspects of personality included all of the following, EXCEPT
self control
According to Levinson, which of the following ages most closely corresponds to the point in adulthood when a person enters the phase of Becoming One's Own Man(BOOM)?
38
According to Levinson, a person between the ages of 28 and 33 is faced with which of the following tasks? Multiple choice question.
Determining life goals
According to Erikson, what causes people to feel stagnation in life?
When they believe they have done nothing for the next generation
What do recent studies suggest about middle-aged parents?
They are more likely to provide support to their grown children than to their parents.
According to Erikson, which of the following are ways in which middle-aged adults can develop generativity?
biological generativity work generativity cultural generativity
Research indicates that personality ______ throughout adulthood, but there is greater ______ in personality during middle adulthood.
changes; stability
Historical contexts are also known as ____ effects.
cohort
Historical contexts are also known as effects.
cohort
According to recent research, which of the Big Five factors of personality showed a continuous increase from early adulthood to late adulthood?
conscientiousness
The big five factors of personality can be condensed into the acronym OCEAN. It includes all of the following personality factors, EXCEPT Multiple choice question.
excitability.
Seasons of a Man's Life by Daniel Levinson was based upon the results of
extensive interviews with 40 middle-aged men
What was the most common response when 40- to 79-year-olds were asked "when you think of who you are, you think mainly of
family
Forty year old Maritska wishes to establish a pediatric AIDS foundation overseas. According to Erikson, she is focused on establishing a sense of
generativity
Parenting, teaching, and involvement in the community are examples of how middle-aged adults can develop ____ , according to Erikson.
generativity
When adults work to leave a legacy of themselves to the next generation, they are working toward
generativity
The Baltimore Study by Costa and McCrae assessed ______ in adulthood. Multiple choice question.
personality
As opposed to the model of the "sandwich" generation, in which the middle generation cares for grown children and aging parents simultaneously, some experts believe middle-aged adults belong to a "______" generation that alternates between the care of grown children and aging parents.
pivot
The term "" generation refers to a situation in which the middle generation alternates attention between the demands of grown children and aging parents.
pivot
The process by which, over time, people become more adept at interacting with the environment and in ways that promote increased stability in personality can be described as Multiple choice question.
the cumulative personality model.
Olivia is a 19-year-old college student who hopes to be a physician's assistant in a large medical facility. She plans to be married and have two children by the time she turns 30. Levinson would call this
the dream
The contemporary life-events approach takes into account all of the following, EXCEPT
the stability of one's personality over time.
True or false: It is rare for sibling closeness to develop for the first time in adulthood.
true
Which of the following responses to stress are more common among men than women?
trying to solve the problem themselves drinking isolating themselves