Chapter 16 Psych Reading Quiz

_____ is a surgical procedure that involves cutting the nerves connecting the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain in violent psychiatric patients.

A lobotomy

Seminars on therapeutic lifestyle change would likely be most effective in helping:

Amanda cope with a seasonal pattern for major depressive disorder.

Which of the following would be the most effective psychotherapists?

Dr. White, who establishes an empathic, caring relationship with her clients

_____ involves clinical decision making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and patient characteristics and preferences.

Evidence-based practice

_____ is part of the reason why eye movement desensitization and reprocessing can be effective.

Exposure therapy

_____ is especially likely to focus on the goal of healing social relationships.

Family therapy

_____ therapy refers to therapy that is provided by one or more therapists working with several people simultaneously.

Group

________ therapies focus on conscious thoughts and self-perceptions, instead of focusing on unconscious and repressed thoughts and impulses.

Humanistic

_____ in psychoanalysis is the analyst's noting, to the patient, supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight for the patient.

Interpretation

Which of the following is considered to be a useful feature of group therapy?

It encourages clients to improve their social skills.

_____ aim(s) to identify and eliminate socially stressful conditions that contribute to psychological disorders.

Preventive mental health

_____ includes increasing parents' and teachers' skills at nurturing children's achievement and resulting self-esteem.

Preventive mental health

The goal of this type of therapy is to help patients gain insight into repressed impulses and conflicts. The therapy is called _______________ and was developed by _______________.

Psychoanalysis; Sigmund Freud

Which of the following is an antianxiety drug?

Xanax

_____ is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI).

Zoloft

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) involves:

a brief burst of electricity to the brain that induces a seizure.

Successful therapies share much in common, including:

a therapeutic alliance between the client and therapist.

Tardive dyskinesia is associated with the long-term use of which type of drug?

antipsychotic

Which drugs appear to produce therapeutic effects by occupying the receptor sites for dopamine and blocking its activity?

antipsychotic drugs

Which form of treatment associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol)?

aversive conditioning

As a parent, you are skeptical of treatments that sound too good to be true. When you arrive at the psychologist's office, you ask about an empirically supported treatment for bed-wetting, since this is a problem your 6-year-old son is dealing with. You learn that _________________ is the empirically supported treatment.

behavioral conditioning

Which therapy is empirically supported for treating bed-wetting?

behavioral conditioning

Because Catherine is afraid of contracting infectious diseases, she compulsively avoids shaking people's hands or touching doorknobs. Research suggests that an especially effective treatment for her difficulty would involve:

behavioral conditioning therapy.

Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are likely to be treated with ________________, which acts directly on the patient's nervous system.

biomedical therapy

Psychotherapy is likely to be most effective when a client's problem is:

clear-cut.

Nancy's therapist is an active listener who often paraphrases what she says. He does not judge her and is quite open to her exploration of her weaknesses. He gives her appropriate validation and encourages her to reflect on her feelings. He wants to deepen her self-understanding. Her therapy is most likely:

client-centered therapy.

Which of the following therapies is empirically supported for treating posttraumatic stress disorder and anxiety?

cognitive therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy

Which of the following therapies is an integrative therapy that combines changing self-defeating thinking with changing behavior?

cognitive-behavioral therapy

Simone suffers from obsessive-compulsive disorder. Her therapist believes in utilizing only empirically supported treatments such as:

cognitive-behavioral therapy.

A new experimental treatment for major depressive disorder that does not induce seizures, called _____, involves the surgical implantation of a device that delivers brief, intermittent electrical stimulation in the neural hub that bridges the thinking frontal lobes to the limbic system, which in turn calms this area down.

deep brain stimulation (DBS)

Dr. Salazar is conducting his last therapy session with Delores, a client he has been seeing for two years. In this case, the probable conclusion is that the therapy was effective if Delores:

does not experience recurring problems.

A therapist who uses a variety of psychological theories and therapeutic methods is said to be using a(n) ______________ approach.

eclectic

Blake's doctor told her that she should not drink alcohol while taking Xanax. This is because antianxiety agents such as Xanax ___________ nervous system activity.

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).

Steven is a patient and has received a general anesthetic and muscle relaxant prior to treatment with:

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).

The American Psychological Association suggests __________ is NOT a signal that a person should consider seeking help from a professional.

experiencing the death of a loved one

Carolyn's therapist told her to relax and spontaneously say whatever thoughts or images came to her mind. Her therapist was using the psychoanalytic technique of:

free association.

According to Carl Rogers, the client-centered therapist ideally should demonstrate:

genuineness, unconditional positive regard, and empathic understanding.

Changes in people's _____ may be part of the reason why light exposure therapy can be effective.

hormones

Jwa is an immigrant from Asia who is seeking therapy. He would most likely experience difficulty as a client of an American psychotherapist, who emphasizes the value of:

individualism

After months of psychoanalysis, Miguel's therapist felt it was time to offer several explanations of Miguel's dreams and free associations to help his client recognize unconscious conflicts and motivations. The therapist was using the psychoanalytic technique called:

interpretation.

The technique called meta-analysis:

involves statistically combining the results of several studies investigating the same issue.

Which of the following is effective in the treatment of the seasonal pattern for major depressive disorder?

light exposure therapy

Because you live up North, this year you want to prepare for the dark and cold winter months ahead before the seasonal pattern for major depressive disorder takes hold of you again. You decide to try:

light exposure therapy.

The CEO of a large corporation is considering the benefits her firm will offer employees. If she offers employees psychotherapy, chances are good that:

medical costs will be reduced.

A large pharmaceutical company is going to combine the results of all of its depression research studies, as if the results had come from one huge study. This is a:

meta-analysis.

Cognitive therapists can _____ by counteracting self-blame by reattributing responsibility for past negative outcomes.

modify beliefs

In extreme cases of _____, an MRI-guided precision surgery may be done to cut the brain circuits.

obsessive-compulsive disorder

Depression, according to cognitive therapists, results from:

self-blaming and overgeneralized explanations of bad events.

The idea that psychological disorders result from _____ is the basis for preventive mental health.

stressful social situations

Both psychoanalysis and client-centered therapy stress:

the importance of insight and increased self-understanding.

The beneficial consequence of a person expecting that a treatment will be therapeutic is known as:

the placebo effect.

In an eating disorders clinic, the patients receive poker chips for good eating behaviors such as finishing their meal, not exercising after their meal, and for appropriate behaviors on the unit. The patients can then use the poker chips they have earned to rent videos, computer games, or other items they wish. This best illustrates an application of:

the token economy.

When a patient in psychoanalysis begins to have feelings toward their therapist such as love or hatred and those feelings are linked to other relationships they have had or have, they are experiencing:

transference.

John is a 28-year-old male who suffers from bipolar disorder. He does not like lithium because of the side effects. His doctor prescribes __________, originally used to treat epilepsy.

Depakote

Zander has been struggling with personal issues and has decided to seek help at a mental health clinic. Unfortunately, he was put on a waiting list and told he would likely have to wait several weeks before he could meet with a therapist. According to Eysenck's findings, what do you predict will happen to Zander?

Chances are good that he will improve during this waiting period.

_____ was illustrated when O. H. Mowrer trained children to discontinue bed-wetting by arranging for an alarm to sound each time they wet their beds.

Classical conditioning

____________ is a behavior therapy procedure that conditions new responses to stimuli that originally triggered an unwanted behavior.

Counterconditioning

_____ was designed to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients.

The lobotomy

It is difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of psychotherapy because:

people often enter therapy in crisis, and these crises often pass without professional help.

The humanistic perspective in psychology emphasizes:

people's inherent potential for self-fulfillment.

Trina's life history includes some adversity. She has come to enjoy better mental health and well-being than Stephanie, who has never faced any significant adversity. This best illustrates the importance of:

posttraumatic growth.

Chlorpromazine works by _____ to reduce paranoia and hallucinations.

reducing overreactions to irrelevant stimuli

A new experimental treatment for severe depression that does not induce seizures, called _____, involves stimulation of certain regions of the brain with magnetic impulses of various frequencies.

repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)

During her weekly therapy sessions, Theresa will often abruptly shift the focus of her attention and lose her train of thought. A psychoanalyst would suggest that this illustrates:

resistance