Chapter 16 Study Guide

14. The Civil Service Act of 1883: a. created a merit system for government workers. b. favored candidates with political influence. c. was passed in response to the assassination of President Lincoln. d. applied only to women. e. applied only to elected officeholders.

a. created a merit system for government workers.

6. The impact of the second industrial revolution on the trans-Mississippi West was: a. dramatic as an agricultural empire grew. b. insignificant. c. concentrated in the cities. d. beneficial to Indians. e. significant only for native-born whites.

a. dramatic as an agricultural empire grew.

18. The Knights of Labor: a. was an inclusive organization that advocated for a vast array of reforms. b. organized only skilled, white, native-born workers. c. did not admit women. d. never had more than a few hundred members. e. cooperated with big business.

a. was an inclusive organization that advocated for a vast array of reforms.

20. How did the American Catholic Church act during the Gilded Age? a. American Catholics grew increasingly apart from their fellow believers in Europe. b. The American Catholic Church saw a growing number of clergy advocate social justice and reform. c. Afraid of a schism between wealthy and poor Catholics, the Church instead turned its attention to the defense of marriage and parental control. d. Overwhelmed by the radicals of largely Catholic Southern European labor organizers, the Church distanced itself from its traditional stand for social justice and equality. e. Eager to ward off criticisms of "papal rule," the American Catholic Church denounced the Vatican.

b. The American Catholic Church saw a growing number of clergy advocate social justice and reform.

9. The Indian victory at Little Bighorn: a. was typical at the time. b. only temporarily delayed the advance of white settlement. c. brought an end to the hostilities. d. came after an unprovoked attack by Indians. e. resulted in no U.S. army casualties.

b. only temporarily delayed the advance of white settlement.

19. Henry George offered as a solution for the problem of inequality in America a(n). a. low-income housing program. b. single tax. c. immigration restriction law. d. Communist platform. e. forced Americanization program.

b. single tax.

7. How did expanding agricultural production in places like Argentina and the American West lead to the migration of rural populations to cities? a. Increasing output in the countryside created a new prosperity that allowed rural populations to travel. b. Since the growing agricultural output attracted ever-larger numbers of immigrants to the countryside, the older generations of rural settlers left for the cities. c. Increasing output worldwide pushed down the prices of farm products, making it more difficult for farmers to make ends meet. d. New production methods that were at the heart of growing farm productivity alienated many rural folks familiar with traditional farming practices. e. Peasants made such tidy profits in agriculture that they could afford to move to cities.

c. Increasing output worldwide pushed down the prices of farm products, making it more difficult for farmers to make ends meet.

11. According to the authors of the Dawes Severalty Act, what constituted a civilized life for Native Americans in the later nineteenth century? a. Skilled work and tenement life in industrial cities. b. A hunting and gathering economy and nomadic lifestyle. c. Individual property ownership and farming on family plots. d. Tribal life and autonomy on the nation's reservations. e. Employment in the tourism industry and public land management.

c. Individual property ownership and farming on family plots.

21. Which of the following properly assesses the significance of the Great Railroad Strike of 1877? a. The strike signaled the power of labor unions and the beginning of the socialist challenge to American democracy. b. The event highlighted the need for Republicans to address Southern economic inequality, not only racial discrimination. c. The railroad strike signaled the nation's shift from Southern reconstruction to the question of labor and class tensions. d. The strike underlined the rising expectations among industrial workers in times of economic growth and prosperity. e. The strike marked the beginning of the end of the railroad industry and prompted the development of the automobile.

c. The railroad strike signaled the nation's shift from Southern reconstruction to the question of labor and class tensions.

5. What did Native Americans have in common with the Zulu of South Africa and the aboriginal people in Australia? a. They belonged to some of the most ancient agricultural civilizations in the world. b. They all looked to central governments for protection and assistance in their struggle against white supremacist settlers. c. They found themselves pushed aside by centralizing government trying to control large interior regions. d. They all saw themselves pulled into the vicious debt cycle that accompanied cotton sharecropping. e. Both groups saw such little chance at advancing in civil rights that they resorted to emigration.

c. They found themselves pushed aside by centralizing government trying to control large interior regions.

16. The new social order of the Gilded Age: a. prompted public discussion of class differences and debate among workingmen and farmers over political economy. b. ensured ongoing labor strife and deepening distrust between employees and employers. c. divided CEOs and stockholders into pro-labor and anti-labor camps. d. A and B e. B and C

c. divided CEOs and stockholders into pro-labor and anti-labor camps.

13. Elections during the Gilded Age: a. suffered from low voter turnout. b. brought an end to Democratic control of the South. c. were closely contested affairs. d. suffered from a lack of party loyalty among voters. e. were generally quiet affairs with few rallies or speeches.

c. were closely contested affairs.

12. Which of the following was included in theatrical and dime novel depictions of the American West? a. The role of the federal government in the region's development. b. Labor conflicts in western mines. c. The growth of cities in the Pacific northwest. d. Amazing feats of skilled horseback riding, roping, and shooting.

d. Amazing feats of skilled horseback riding, roping, and shooting.

8. Which of the following statements about nineteenth-century Chinese immigrants to the United States is accurate? a. Unlike Europeans, Chinese immigrants were too poor to send letters or money home to relatives. b. After the completion of the transcontinental railroad in 1869, most Chinese immigrants were unable to find additional work and returned to China. c. Chinese immigrants rarely worked in western mines after the Civil War thanks to Anglo resentment and the lack of demand for cheap labor. d. By 1880, three fourths of Chinese immigrants lived in California, where many worked on farms.

d. By 1880, three fourths of Chinese immigrants lived in California, where many worked on farms.

10. What was the aim of boarding schools for Indians? a. To prepare them for reservation life. b. To train them in the professional skills necessary to return to the reservations as doctors and teachers. c. To convert them to Christianity so that they would become missionaries on the reservations. d. To civilize the Indians, making them "American" as whites defined the term. e. To prepare them to enlist in the U.S. military.

d. To civilize the Indians, making them "American" as whites defined the term.

4. Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller: a. faced no criticism for their business practices. b. led the way in social reform. c. advocated government regulation of business. d. built up giant corporations that dominated their respective markets. e. were both immigrants.

d. built up giant corporations that dominated their respective markets.

1. All of the following factors contributed to explosive economic growth during the Gilded Age EXCEPT: a. availability of capital for investment. b. a growing supply of labor. c. abundant natural resources. d. low tariffs. e. federal land grants to railroads.

d. low tariffs.

2. The second industrial revolution was marked by: a. a return to handmade goods. b. a more equalized distribution of wealth. c. the rapid expansion of industry across the South. d. the acceleration of factory production and increased activity in the mining and railroad industries. e. a decline in the growth of cities.

d. the acceleration of factory production and increased activity in the mining and railroad industries.

17. Which statement about the theory of Social Darwinism is FALSE? a. The theory borrowed language from Charles Darwin. b. The theory argued that evolution was as natural a process in human society as in nature and that government must not interfere. c. The theory argued that failure to advance in society indicated a lack of character. d. The theory argued that freedom required frank acceptance of inequality. e. The theory argued that the "deserving poor" only included children.

e. The theory argued that the "deserving poor" only included children.

15. The Interstate Commerce Commission was established in 1887 to: a. distribute land allocations to railroad companies. b. standardize the transportation of animal feed between states. c. oversee state taxes. d. regulate railroad gauge size. e. ensure that railroads charged farmers and merchants reasonable and fair rates.

e. ensure that railroads charged farmers and merchants reasonable and fair rates.

3. Thomas Edison: a. invented the typewriter. b. was a governor of New Jersey. c. pioneered the use of the telephone. d. was a railroad owner. e. invented, among other things, a system for generating and distributing electricity.

e. invented, among other things, a system for generating and distributing electricity.