Chapter 16 World History Quiz
Brazil's answer to Spanish-American silver was
cane sugar
Once it became clear that the Spanish were only after gold and captive laborers, the Mapuche
captured, killed, and ate portions of conquistador Valdivia's corpse in a great public ceremony
European merchants hoped to ___________ by sailing directly to Asia to obtain spices.
cut out the mostly Islamic middlemen in the Indian Ocean and eastern Mediterranean
In the lands around the Indian Ocean, the Portuguese sought to
dominate the existing maritime Asian trade
The purpose of Mapuche cannibalism was to
terrorize the enemy
Evidence suggests that throughout the Americas and Pacific Islands, indigenous populations declined by almost _____ percent within a century of the Europeans' arrival.
90
The first inhabited group of islands encountered by Portuguese explorers and ultimately colonized by Spain was the
Canaries
The massive interoceanic transfer of animals (including humans), plants, and diseases that followed Europeans' arrival in the Americas is known as the ____________ Exchange.
Columbian
The Aztecs launched a siege of Spanish forces at Tenochtitlán when
Cortés left the city to negotiate with soldiers sent by the Cuban governor to arrest him
Most native American converts to Catholicism adopted the Christian God
as a new addition to an already crowded pantheon
The world's first truly global maritime empire was forged by
Portugal
In 1545, the most concentrated silver deposit ever discovered was found at
Potosí
The first European to reach India by sea was
Vasco da Gama
Most indigenous peoples
adapted to Spanish laws and civic traditions but resisted total conversion to Catholicism
After Queen Isabella demanded an end to Amerindian slavery, a compromise system developed, known as
encomienda
Which of the following was NOT part of Spain's standard operating procedure in their overseas conduct?
focusing on controlling ports above all else
Early Spanish colonization was focused on
gold and slaves
As Europeans began to set sail on longer voyages, they employed innovations in three technological spheres:
gun making, shipbuilding, and navigation
After the Inca gathered an enormous ransom to buy the freedom of Atawallpa,
he was killed on Pizarro's orders
Forty percent of all
slaves transported across the Atlantic went to Brazil
The French colony at Guanabara Bay in Brazil was doomed by
religious division
When the demands for food, gold, and sexual companionship made by members of Columbus's crew were not met by the Taino they met in the Caribbean,
the Europeans turned violent
Virtually all European ships until the early nineteenth century were based on early models that combined features of
the Roman-style galley and North Sea ships
Which of the following did the Mapuche NOT adopt from the Spanish?
the Spanish style of warfare
After mostly neglecting Brazil for the century after reaching it, the Portuguese were forced to pay the colony additional attention because of
the arrival of French traders and religious refugees
The invention that proved most critical for long-distance maritime travel was
the astrolabe
Most historians agree that the conquests of the Aztec and Inca empires resulted from
the convergence of many variables
The pretext used by Europeans to take over Western-style functions of government in the "New World" was
the reported presence of cannibals
Spanish-American mine owners were forced to pay wages because
they could not draft enough workers through the mita system
Sugar planters in Brazil chose to "use up" their laborers because
they had direct access to more slaves at relatively low cost
