CHAPTER 17 A&P 2
A rise in cortisol would cause an increase in each of the following except
ACTH levels.
After brain surgery, a patient receiving postoperative care in an intensive care unit began to pass large volumes of very dilute urine. The ICU nurse administered a medicine that mimics one of the following hormones. Which one?
ADH
neurons of the supra-optic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus manufacture
ADH and OXT
When a G protein becomes activated and causes an activation of enzymes,
ATP is consumed and cAMP is formed.
Too little secretion of cortisol causes
Addison's disease.
the pituitary hormone that promotes egg development in ovaries and sperm development in testes is
FSH
The pituitary hormone that promotes ovarian secretion of progesterone and testicular secretion of testosterone is
LH.
the hormone produces by the pars intermedia of the adenohypophysis during early childhood is
MSH
Which of the following is released due to sensory input and thus part of a neuroendocrine reflex?
OXT
Secretory cells of the adenohypophysis release all of the following except
OXT.
the pituitary hormone that triggers the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland is
TSH
cells of the adrenal cortex produce
aldosterone
Reduction of fluid losses at the kidneys due to the retention of Na+ is the action of
aldosterone.
An activated G protein can trigger all of the following except
an increase ATP production.
All of the following are targets for insulin except
blood cells.
calcium ions serve as messengers, often in combination with the intracellular protein
calmodulin
the intracellular protein _____ binds calcium ions. this complex can then activate enzymes
calmodulin
The hypophyseal portal system
carries neurosecretions to the anterior lobe of the pituitary, has two capillary plexuses connected by short veins, and carries ADH and oxytocin.
the outer layer of the adrenal gland is the
cortex
Which of the following substances acts as a second messenger?
cyclic AMP
The primary function of ADH is to
decrease the amount of water lost at the kidneys.
All of the following are result of thyroid hormones except
decreased heart rate and force of contraction.
Which of the following hormones increases and prolongs effects of the sympathetic nervous system?
epinephrine
The hormone that dominates during the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) is
epinephrine.
which of the following hormones increases production of red blood cells
erythropoietin
Excess secretion of growth hormone during early development will cause
gigantism
when blood glucose levels fall
glucagon is released
alpha cells are to ______ as beta cells are to _____
glucagon; insulin
Hormones that dominate during the resistance phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) are the
glucocorticoids
the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex produces
glucocorticoids
the pituitary hormone that stimulates cell growth and replication accelerating protein synthesis is
growth hormone
The pituitary hormone that stimulates cell growth and replication by accelerating protein synthesis is
growth hormone.
all target cells
have hormone receptors and can respond to chemical signals
All target cells
have hormone receptors and can respond to chemical signals.
norepinephrine and epinephrine are considered to be ______ when released into the bloodstream, but ______ when released at synapses
hormones; neurotransmitters
Where does the chemical reaction between thyroglobulin and iodine take place?
in the lumen of the thyroid follicle
where does the chemical reaction between thyroglobulin and iodine take place
in the lumen of the thyroid follicle
which of the following is a known effect of thyroid hormone on peripheral tissues
increased body temp, increased heart rate, increased sensitivity to adrenergic stimulation, increased oxygen consumption
activation of the renin-angiotensin system will result in all of the following except
increased urine production
each of the following is true of the pineal gland EXCEPT that it
is a component of the hypothalamus
The hormone oxytocin does all of the following except
is responsive to osmoreceptors.
which of the following statements about the endocrine system is false?
it releases hormones, all of which are lipids, directly into the bloodstream
During the resistance phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS),
lipid reserves are mobilized.
Which of the following might occur in an overdose of insulin?
low blood glucose
Regulatory hormones that control secretion of anterior pituitary hormones are released by neurons at the ________ of the hypothalamus.
median eminence
During the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS), there is
mobilization of energy reserves.
The posterior lobe of the pituitary is also known as the
neurohypophysis.
The hormone(s) that may be slowly administered by intravenous drip to accelerate labor and delivery is/are
oxytocin.
the hormone that does the opposite of calcitonin is
parathyroid hormone
All of the following are true regarding the pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans), except that they
release their products directly into the intestines.
If stress lasts longer than a few hours, an individual will enter the ________ phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS).
resistance
when a catecholamine or peptide hormone binds to receptors on the surface of the cell, the
second messenger appears in the cytoplasm
cells can respond to _____ hormone(s) at a time
several
Receptors for all of the following hormones are found in the cell membranes of target cells except
steroid hormones.
two hormones that have additive effects are called
synerigists
thyroxine and calcitonin are secreted by the
thyroid gland
