CHAPTER 17 A&P 2

A rise in cortisol would cause an increase in each of the following except

ACTH levels.

After brain surgery, a patient receiving postoperative care in an intensive care unit began to pass large volumes of very dilute urine. The ICU nurse administered a medicine that mimics one of the following hormones. Which one?

ADH

neurons of the supra-optic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus manufacture

ADH and OXT

When a G protein becomes activated and causes an activation of enzymes,

ATP is consumed and cAMP is formed.

Too little secretion of cortisol causes

Addison's disease.

the pituitary hormone that promotes egg development in ovaries and sperm development in testes is

FSH

The pituitary hormone that promotes ovarian secretion of progesterone and testicular secretion of testosterone is

LH.

the hormone produces by the pars intermedia of the adenohypophysis during early childhood is

MSH

Which of the following is released due to sensory input and thus part of a neuroendocrine reflex?

OXT

Secretory cells of the adenohypophysis release all of the following except

OXT.

the pituitary hormone that triggers the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland is

TSH

cells of the adrenal cortex produce

aldosterone

Reduction of fluid losses at the kidneys due to the retention of Na+ is the action of

aldosterone.

An activated G protein can trigger all of the following except

an increase ATP production.

All of the following are targets for insulin except

blood cells.

calcium ions serve as messengers, often in combination with the intracellular protein

calmodulin

the intracellular protein _____ binds calcium ions. this complex can then activate enzymes

calmodulin

The hypophyseal portal system

carries neurosecretions to the anterior lobe of the pituitary, has two capillary plexuses connected by short veins, and carries ADH and oxytocin.

the outer layer of the adrenal gland is the

cortex

Which of the following substances acts as a second messenger?

cyclic AMP

The primary function of ADH is to

decrease the amount of water lost at the kidneys.

All of the following are result of thyroid hormones except

decreased heart rate and force of contraction.

Which of the following hormones increases and prolongs effects of the sympathetic nervous system?

epinephrine

The hormone that dominates during the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) is

epinephrine.

which of the following hormones increases production of red blood cells

erythropoietin

Excess secretion of growth hormone during early development will cause

gigantism

when blood glucose levels fall

glucagon is released

alpha cells are to ______ as beta cells are to _____

glucagon; insulin

Hormones that dominate during the resistance phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) are the

glucocorticoids

the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex produces

glucocorticoids

the pituitary hormone that stimulates cell growth and replication accelerating protein synthesis is

growth hormone

The pituitary hormone that stimulates cell growth and replication by accelerating protein synthesis is

growth hormone.

all target cells

have hormone receptors and can respond to chemical signals

All target cells

have hormone receptors and can respond to chemical signals.

norepinephrine and epinephrine are considered to be ______ when released into the bloodstream, but ______ when released at synapses

hormones; neurotransmitters

Where does the chemical reaction between thyroglobulin and iodine take place?

in the lumen of the thyroid follicle

where does the chemical reaction between thyroglobulin and iodine take place

in the lumen of the thyroid follicle

which of the following is a known effect of thyroid hormone on peripheral tissues

increased body temp, increased heart rate, increased sensitivity to adrenergic stimulation, increased oxygen consumption

activation of the renin-angiotensin system will result in all of the following except

increased urine production

each of the following is true of the pineal gland EXCEPT that it

is a component of the hypothalamus

The hormone oxytocin does all of the following except

is responsive to osmoreceptors.

which of the following statements about the endocrine system is false?

it releases hormones, all of which are lipids, directly into the bloodstream

During the resistance phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS),

lipid reserves are mobilized.

Which of the following might occur in an overdose of insulin?

low blood glucose

Regulatory hormones that control secretion of anterior pituitary hormones are released by neurons at the ________ of the hypothalamus.

median eminence

During the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS), there is

mobilization of energy reserves.

The posterior lobe of the pituitary is also known as the

neurohypophysis.

The hormone(s) that may be slowly administered by intravenous drip to accelerate labor and delivery is/are

oxytocin.

the hormone that does the opposite of calcitonin is

parathyroid hormone

All of the following are true regarding the pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans), except that they

release their products directly into the intestines.

If stress lasts longer than a few hours, an individual will enter the ________ phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS).

resistance

when a catecholamine or peptide hormone binds to receptors on the surface of the cell, the

second messenger appears in the cytoplasm

cells can respond to _____ hormone(s) at a time

several

Receptors for all of the following hormones are found in the cell membranes of target cells except

steroid hormones.

two hormones that have additive effects are called

synerigists

thyroxine and calcitonin are secreted by the

thyroid gland