Chapter 17 Endocrine quiz
Target cells
A cell that possesses specific receptors for a particular hormone
A G protein is
A molecule that binds a guanine nucleotide and helps transduce a signal inside a target cell
The thyroid gland is located
Anterior and lateral to the trachea below thyroid cartilage
target of GHRH (growth hormone releasing hormone)
Anterior pituitary
The disease called ______ is caused by excessive secretion of glucorticoids and is characterized by redistribution of body fat to produce characteristic features such as 'moon face'
Cushing disease
Once a structure is fully grown and matured, it will probably
Down regulate
In response to excessive amounts of hormone a target, so may reduce its number of receptors for that hormone. This is an example of.
Down regulation
Endocrine glands do?
Ductless glands that secrete hormones directly and bloodstream to maintain homeostasis
How does aging affect the endocrine system?
Endocrine glands, shrink, and hormones are more slowly metabolized
Functions of the pancreas
Exocrine and endocrine functions it secretes, pancreatic juices, insulin glucagon, duodenum, and Somatostatin into the bloodstream
Follicle-stimulating hormone is a?
Gonadotropin; a glycoprotein polypeptide secreted by the anterior pituitary
You are shadowing an endocrinologist who is examining a patient, complaining of weakness, weight loss, and heat intolerance. The doctor points out the patients obvious exophthalmos and asked for your diagnosis. What would you diagnose this patient with
Hyper thyroidism
The part of the brain that functions as a " master control center " of the endocrine system
Hypothalamus
Damage to the liver might impair enzymatic degradation of some hormones. The levels of such hormones in the blood would therefore be expected to?
Increase
Exercises causes a _____ in growth hormone levels, a rise in amino acids levels or decrease in glucose levels cause a ____ in GH Levels
Increase, increase
Which hormone induces it's target cells to uptake glucose, thereby lowering blood glucose levels?
Insulin
Cortisol binds to _________ receptors and has the effect of ________ blood glucose levels.
Intercellular, raising
Which type of hormone requires a carrier protein in the blood
Lipid-soluble hormones
Normally, TH has a ______ feedback affect on the anterior pituitary which response by _______ release of thyroid, stimulating hormone
Negative, increasing
Where is the pituitary gland located?
Rests within a hollowed out area of the sphenoid bone and sella turica
The primary function of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Stimulate adrenal glands to release cortisol
The releases of hormones from the adrenal medulla is stimulated by ?
The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system
Thyroid hormone synthesis involve secretion of a glycoprotein called ____ by the follicular cells
Thyroglobulin
Reduced form on concentration in the blood often causes target cells to
Up regulate to increase cell sensitivity
A lack of dietary iodine can render thyroid, unable to synthesize without negative feedback of the anterior pituitary ______ resulting in the development of a goiter
Will increase release of TH (thyroid hormone)
The release of hormones from the adrenal cortex is stimulated by
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Glucagon and insulin work _________ on blood glucose levels.
antagonistically
Which lobe of the pituitary is larger and secretes more hormones?
anterior pituitary
Thyroid, stimulating hormone is secreted by the
anterior pituitary gland
Lipid soluble hormones, such as progesterone, exert their effects by forming hormone receptor complexes that?
bind to DNA and initiate transcription.
Steroid hormones are lipids derived from
cholesterol
In most of its target cells, cortisol ________ glucose uptake and _______ protein metabolism.
decreases, increases
Which hormones are collectively called gonadotropins?
follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone
The hormone that increases the rate of glycogen breakdown and glucose release by the liver is?
glucagon
Parathyroid hormone release, depends on blood levels of calcium. Such an endocrine reflex is said to be initiated by?
humoral stimulation
Within the infundibulum, the axons from neurons extending into the posterior pituitary are known as the
hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone is secreted by the
hypothalamus
Insulin causes a(n) _______ in glycogenesis in the liver and a(n) _______ in lipogenesis in adipose.
increase; increase
Oxytocin results in more forceful, smooth muscle contractions in the uterus by causing target cells to increase production of
inositol triphosphate
Lipophilic hormones bind to ___________ receptors of target cells.
intracellular
Compared to young adults, the elderly usually have _____ levels of circulating growth, hormone, and _____ levels of circulating sex hormones
lower, lower
The two hormones released from the posterior pituitary are?
oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
The hormone oxytocin is synthesized in the?
paraventricular nucleus
The parathyroid glands are located
posterior surface of the thyroid gland
The adrenal glands are located ____ to the parietal peritoneum and each has a cortex of a ______ color
posterior, yellow
Role of the parathyroid hormone
produces parathyroid hormone regulates calcium in bloodstream and body
Within the adenylate cyclase signal transduction pathways of target cells, cAMP activates
protein kinase
The half life of a hormone is?
the time necessary to reduce the hormone concentration in the blood to half of what had been secreted.
The metabolic condition called ___________ results from the destruction of the beta cells in the pancreas due to an autoimmune response.
type 1 diabetes
Protein hormones are
water soluble
