Chapter 17 Endocrine quiz

Target cells

A cell that possesses specific receptors for a particular hormone

A G protein is

A molecule that binds a guanine nucleotide and helps transduce a signal inside a target cell

The thyroid gland is located

Anterior and lateral to the trachea below thyroid cartilage

target of GHRH (growth hormone releasing hormone)

Anterior pituitary

The disease called ______ is caused by excessive secretion of glucorticoids and is characterized by redistribution of body fat to produce characteristic features such as 'moon face'

Cushing disease

Once a structure is fully grown and matured, it will probably

Down regulate

In response to excessive amounts of hormone a target, so may reduce its number of receptors for that hormone. This is an example of.

Down regulation

Endocrine glands do?

Ductless glands that secrete hormones directly and bloodstream to maintain homeostasis

How does aging affect the endocrine system?

Endocrine glands, shrink, and hormones are more slowly metabolized

Functions of the pancreas

Exocrine and endocrine functions it secretes, pancreatic juices, insulin glucagon, duodenum, and Somatostatin into the bloodstream

Follicle-stimulating hormone is a?

Gonadotropin; a glycoprotein polypeptide secreted by the anterior pituitary

You are shadowing an endocrinologist who is examining a patient, complaining of weakness, weight loss, and heat intolerance. The doctor points out the patients obvious exophthalmos and asked for your diagnosis. What would you diagnose this patient with

Hyper thyroidism

The part of the brain that functions as a " master control center " of the endocrine system

Hypothalamus

Damage to the liver might impair enzymatic degradation of some hormones. The levels of such hormones in the blood would therefore be expected to?

Increase

Exercises causes a _____ in growth hormone levels, a rise in amino acids levels or decrease in glucose levels cause a ____ in GH Levels

Increase, increase

Which hormone induces it's target cells to uptake glucose, thereby lowering blood glucose levels?

Insulin

Cortisol binds to _________ receptors and has the effect of ________ blood glucose levels.

Intercellular, raising

Which type of hormone requires a carrier protein in the blood

Lipid-soluble hormones

Normally, TH has a ______ feedback affect on the anterior pituitary which response by _______ release of thyroid, stimulating hormone

Negative, increasing

Where is the pituitary gland located?

Rests within a hollowed out area of the sphenoid bone and sella turica

The primary function of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Stimulate adrenal glands to release cortisol

The releases of hormones from the adrenal medulla is stimulated by ?

The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

Thyroid hormone synthesis involve secretion of a glycoprotein called ____ by the follicular cells

Thyroglobulin

Reduced form on concentration in the blood often causes target cells to

Up regulate to increase cell sensitivity

A lack of dietary iodine can render thyroid, unable to synthesize without negative feedback of the anterior pituitary ______ resulting in the development of a goiter

Will increase release of TH (thyroid hormone)

The release of hormones from the adrenal cortex is stimulated by

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Glucagon and insulin work _________ on blood glucose levels.

antagonistically

Which lobe of the pituitary is larger and secretes more hormones?

anterior pituitary

Thyroid, stimulating hormone is secreted by the

anterior pituitary gland

Lipid soluble hormones, such as progesterone, exert their effects by forming hormone receptor complexes that?

bind to DNA and initiate transcription.

Steroid hormones are lipids derived from

cholesterol

In most of its target cells, cortisol ________ glucose uptake and _______ protein metabolism.

decreases, increases

Which hormones are collectively called gonadotropins?

follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone

The hormone that increases the rate of glycogen breakdown and glucose release by the liver is?

glucagon

Parathyroid hormone release, depends on blood levels of calcium. Such an endocrine reflex is said to be initiated by?

humoral stimulation

Within the infundibulum, the axons from neurons extending into the posterior pituitary are known as the

hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone is secreted by the

hypothalamus

Insulin causes a(n) _______ in glycogenesis in the liver and a(n) _______ in lipogenesis in adipose.

increase; increase

Oxytocin results in more forceful, smooth muscle contractions in the uterus by causing target cells to increase production of

inositol triphosphate

Lipophilic hormones bind to ___________ receptors of target cells.

intracellular

Compared to young adults, the elderly usually have _____ levels of circulating growth, hormone, and _____ levels of circulating sex hormones

lower, lower

The two hormones released from the posterior pituitary are?

oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone

The hormone oxytocin is synthesized in the?

paraventricular nucleus

The parathyroid glands are located

posterior surface of the thyroid gland

The adrenal glands are located ____ to the parietal peritoneum and each has a cortex of a ______ color

posterior, yellow

Role of the parathyroid hormone

produces parathyroid hormone regulates calcium in bloodstream and body

Within the adenylate cyclase signal transduction pathways of target cells, cAMP activates

protein kinase

The half life of a hormone is?

the time necessary to reduce the hormone concentration in the blood to half of what had been secreted.

The metabolic condition called ___________ results from the destruction of the beta cells in the pancreas due to an autoimmune response.

type 1 diabetes

Protein hormones are

water soluble