Chapter 17 section 3

segregation

the force separation between white and African Americans in public places.

What did the Ku KLux Klan wear?

they wore robes and disguises to hide their identities. They attacked and even murdered African americans,white Republicans voters, and public officials, usually at night.

Many mill workers did not enjoy their work?

true, Often labored 12 hour a day, six days a week.

Scalawags- Who called them that?

whit southern republicans, Democrats believed that the these southerners (scalawags) betrayed the South by voting for the Republican party.

why was the Ku Klux Klan made?

white southerners disapproved of African Americans officeholders. They used violence and terror against African Americans.

did African Americans challenge Jim crow Laws in court?

yes

Some________ had the dreams of collecting enough money from the selling crops to buy their own ___________. Unfortunately, only some were able to do that.

Africans, plantations

Panic of 1873

Began in September 1873 when Jay cooke and Company , a major investor in railroads and the largest financier of the Union's civil War effort, declared bankruptcy. The company had lied about the value of land along the side of the Northern pacific Railroad that it owned and was trying to sell. when the truth leaked out, the company failed.

Who also ruled the Fourteenth Amendment?

The court

Compromise of 1877

The democrats agrees to accept Hayes's victory , In return , they wanted all remaining federal troops removed from the South.They also asked for undoing for internal improvements in the South and the appointment of a southern Democrat to president's cabinet. Shortly after he took office in 1877, President Hayes removed the last of the federal troops from the South.

What did Grady and his supporters feel?

They felt that with its cheap and abundant labor, the South could build factories and provide a workforce for them.

Why are carpetbaggers called carpetbaggers?

They rushed there carrying all their possessions in bags of carpeting.

what did redeemers want?

They wanted to reduce the size of the state government and limit the rights of African Americans.

Ku Klux Klan

This secret society opposed civil rights, particularly suffrage , for African Americans.

It seems that ________ won to be president but...

Tilden,Republicans challenged the electoral votes in Oregon and there southern states. A special commission of members of the confess and the Supreme Court justices was appointed to settle the issue.

Did the Klan go on forever?

Within a few years the Klan was no longer an organized threat. but groups of whites continued to assault African Americans and republicans throughout the 1870s.

Redeemers - give 2 examples of redeemers

Democrats who brought their party back to power in the South. They came from a variety of backgrounds. for example: 1) U.S. senator John T. Morgan of Alabama was a former general in the Confederate army. 2) Newspaper editor Henry Grady of Georgia was interested in promoting southern industry

In 1874 the _____ gained control of the House of Representatives. Northerners were becoming less concerned about southern racism and more concerned about their financial well-being.

Democrats.

Only __________ disagrees with the court's decision.

Harlan

Who won at the end to be president?

Hayes

Why were these improvements made?

Improvents were intended to help the southern economy recover from the war.

Many Southern _______ were small farmers who had supported the Union during the war.Others, like Mississippi governor _______, were former members of the ______ _______. They preferred to became ________ rather than democrats.

Republicans, James Alcorn, Whig Party.

democrats nominated ___________ as there presidential candidate.

Samuel J Tilden

Plessy v. Ferguson

Segregation was allowed , said the court if "separate -but-equala" facilities were provided.

Plessy's lawyer said that...

argues=d that the law violated his rights to equal treatment under the fourteenth amendment.

Cotton dust and lint filled the air causing _____ and an illness known as __________ . Fast moving machinery caused injuries and deaths.

asthma, brown-lung disease

How did the Reconstruction governments get money to do this?

raised taxes and issued bonds.

African americans who stayed on ________ often became part of a system known as sharecropping.

plantations

who were strong the republicans or the democrats?why?

republicans, They controlled most southern governments, partly because of the support of the African American voters.

Republicans selected Ohio governor _________

rutherford b. Hayes as their 1876 presidential candidate. He believed in ending d=federal support of the Reconstruction governments.

redeemers introduced _________ and ________

segregation, Jim Crow laws

sharecropping

sharing the crop, Landowners provided the land, tools, and supplies, and sharecroppers provided the labor.

_____ _________ were the largest group of southern Republicans voters .

African Americans

What year did Grant become president?

1869

What happened after African Americans challenge Jim crow Laws in court?

1883, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the Civil Rights Act of 1875 was unconstitutional.

What were things that the Reconstruction Government was able to do ?

* Helped establish some of the first state-funded public school systems in the South. * Built new hospitals,prisons, and orphanages and passed laws prohibiting discrimination against African Americans.

Election 1876

* Republicans can tell that northern support for reconstruction was fading. * Republicans also lost control of House of representatives to the democrats. * Civil rights Act of 1875- guaranteed African Americans equal rights in public places, such as theaters and public transportation. * Republicans started to abandon Reconstruction.

What did Southern states under Republican control do?

* Spent a lot of money * aided the construction of railroads, bridges ,and public buildings. ( Improvments were intended to help the southern economy recover

who was Blanche K. Bruce?

*Grew up in slavery in Virginia. * Became an important Republican in Mississippi and served one term as a U.S. senator. * First Black elected to a full 6 year term in the U.S. Senate. * Escaped from slavery and began a school for African Americans before the Civil War

Who was Hiram Revels?

*was born free in North carolina and went to college in Illinois. *Became a Methodist minister and served as a chaplain in the Union army. * In 1870 Revels became the First African American in the U.S Senate * Took over the seat previously held by Confederate presidentJefferson Davis.

What is Grant's background as a president?

1 term- a gold-buying scheme in which Grant's cousin took a leading role led to a brief crisis on the stock market called Black Friday. 2 term- his personal secretary was involved in the Whiskey ring scandal , in which whiskey distillers and public officials worked together to steal liquor taxes from the federal government. Further more, people blamed republican policies for the Panic of 1873

What was the Resolution of the Panic of 1873?

1) 89 of the nation's 364 railroads had failed as well. 2) The failure of almost 18,000 other businesses followed within 2 years, leaving the nation in a an economic crisis. 3) 1876 unemployment had risen to 14 percent, with and estimated 2 million people out of work.it set off numerous strikes and protests around the nation.(many were railroad workers.

Some states made it impossible got legal for African Americans to vote by having to....

1) Having to take a literacy test 2) Paying poll tax 3) Grandfather was able to vote.

What did the Republican party state losing?

1) Southern state governments to the democratic Party. 2)power in the North.( Although President Grant was re-elected in 1872, financial and political scandals in his administration upset voters.)

What did redeemers do?

1) They lowered state budgets and got rid of variety of social programs. 2) cut property taxes and cut public funding for schools. 3) seceded in limiting African Americans' civil rights.

Who was Homer Plessy

African American that refused to leave the whites only Louisiana train car he was riding on, he was arrested

Plessy did not sue the railroad company and lost

No , He did.

What did redeemers set up?

Poll tax - was a specula tax people had to pay before they could vote.

600 African Americans Won the election to state ___________.Some 16 of these politicians were elected to ________.Other African Americans held_____ _______ in countries throughout the South.

legislature, Congress, Local offices.

Carpetbaggers-who called them that ?

Some office-holders that were northern-born republicans who had moved to the South after the war (white southerners called them this)

The failure of such an important _________ sent panic through the stock market, and investors began selling shares of stock more rapidly than people wanted to buy them.

business

More African Americans took office, democrats claimed that the Reconstruction governments were ______, ______, and_______. They also didn't like having federal _______ stationed in their states.

corrupt, illegal , and unjust.

What did sharecroppers usually grow?

cotton ( one of the South's most important cash crops) when too many farmers planted cotton it became excessive. As result prices would lower.

Sharecroppers lived in cycle of _____. When they needed food, clothing, or supplies , most families had to buy on their credit because they didn't have enough cash.

debt

Work in the cotton mills appealed to farm_______ who had trouble making ends meet.

families.

1870 and 1871 Congress passed laws that made it a _____________ with elections or to deny citizens equal protection under the law.

federal crime to interfere

Henry Grady ( an Atlanta newspaper editor, was a leader of the New South __________.

movement

Reconstruction __________ provided money for many new programs and organizations in the South.

governments.

Companies had to buy their shares back from the_________.

investors.

What did the General Amnesty Act of 1872 allow?

it allowed former Confederates , except those who held high ranks, to serve in public office. Many of these former Confederate which were democrats , were soon elected to southern governments.

Mills employed ...

large numbers of women and children. Many children started working at the age of twelve. women did most of the spinning and were valued workers. Some woman had the opportunities to advance within the company.

JIm Crow laws

laws that enforced segregation. Became popular in the 1880s.