Chapter 17.1 - Biology Quiz
What is cell damage caused by viruses called?
Cytopathic effects
T or F Viruses are actually very small forms of bacteria.
False. Viruses and bacteria are different.
T or F Viruses divide through the process of mitosis.
False. Viruses do not divide.
T or F Viruses only infect plants and animals.
False. Viruses infect all forms of living organisms including bacteria, archaea, fungi, plants, and animals.
T or F Viruses replicate themselves outside of their host cells.
False. Viruses replicate inside host cells.
T or F A virus can attach itself to any type of host cell.
False. A virus can only attach itself to certain cells in one or a few different species.
T or F All viruses contain DNA as their genetic material.
False. Some have DNA and some have RNA.
T or F Vaccines are only affected if they are administered before a person has the active virus in his/her body.
False. Some viruses progress at a slow enough rate that they can be treated with a vaccine even after a person has become infected. Rabies is an example of this.
T or F The genetic material of a virus can be single- or double-stranded, but it always takes a linear form.
False. The genetic material can be single- or double-stranded, and it can be linear or circular in form.
T or F Viruses are living organisms.
False. They are not considered alive because they have no plasma membrane, internal organelles, or metabolic processes, and they do not divide by themselves.
T or F Influenza and HIV have low mutations rates.
False. They have high mutations rates, so vaccines need to be constantly updated.
T or F Antiviral drugs work by killing the virus in infected cells.
False. They work by controlling and reducing the replication of viruses in host cells.
Which of the following viruses have RNA cores? Select all correct responses. a. hepatitis C b. measles c. chickenpox d. herpes e. hepatitis B f. rabies g. influenza
a. hepatitis C b. measles f. rabies g. influenza
Which of the following are effective in killing viruses that cause diseases in humans? Select all correct responses. a. vaccines b. antibiotics c. antiviral drugs
a. vaccines c. antiviral drugs
Vaccines made with which type of virus are most effective in creating immunity? a. weakened live viruses b. killed viruses c. molecular subunits of viruses
a. weakened live viruses
Vaccines made with which types of viruses have the risk of causing the disease in some people? Select all correct responses. a. weakened live viruses b. killed viruses c. molecular subunits of viruses
a. weakened live viruses
What does apoptosis mean?
"Cell suicide" - the cell destroys itself.
What is an example of a virus that can mutate itself so it is resistant to antiviral drugs?
HIV
What is the outer structure that surrounds a capsid called?
the viral envelope
How do vaccinations work?
A healthy person is purposely exposed to a weak or killed form of a virus to stimulate the body to produce antigens and make the person immune to later exposure to the virus.
What does it mean to say a virus is an "obligate intracellular parasite?"
A virus must attach to a living cell, be taken inside, manufacture its proteins and copy its genome, and escape the cell so it can infect other cells.
Which of the following diseases are caused by viruses with low mutation rates? Select all correct responses. a. Measles b. Mumps c. Influenza d. Rubella e. HIV
a. Measles b. Mumps d. Rubella
What is the danger associated with using live virus vaccines?
The live virus may cause the disease in a small percentage of people receiving the vaccine.
How do viruses that have replicated themselves within a host cell release their offspring?
They sometimes kill the host cell to release the new viruses, and they sometimes leave infected cells by budding through the membrane.
T or F Viruses weakened through an attenuation process are capable of causing the disease but with milder symptoms.
True
T or F Most viruses are so small they can only be seen with an electron microscope.
True.
T or F Plant and animal viruses can enter host cells through endocytosis--that is, the viral membrane fuses with and is encapsulated by the cell membrane.
True.
T or F Vaccines made from live viruses work because the immune system responds to and kills the weakened form of the virus and prevents development into a major disease.
True.
T or F Viruses can damage host cells.
True.
T or F Viruses come in many shapes and sizes.
True.
T or F Viruses attach to receptor molecules of host cells that are designed for other purposes.
True. This is how viruses get into host cells.
Are antiviral drugs or vaccines more effective and more commonly used to treat viral diseases?
Vaccines.
If viruses do not divide, how do they spread?
Viruses infect a host cell and use the host's replication process to reproduce.
What is the protective layer of protein called that covers a virion?
a capsid
What do viruses use to connect to host cells?
a glycoprotein in the viral envelope
What is the process called that weakens a virus for use in a vaccine?
attenuation.
For which of the following diseases has been most successfully treated with antiviral drugs? a. Rabies b. HIV c. Influenza d. Measles e. Hepatitis
b. HIV
Which is true of viruses? a. They are single cell organisms. b. They are multi-cell organisms. c. They are acellular organisms.
c. They are acellular organisms.
Which of the following are components of a virion? Select all correct responses. a. plasma membrane b. a nucleus c. a nucleic acid core (DNA or RNA) d. internal organelles e. an outer protein coating f. an outer envelope derived from the host cell
c. a nucleic acid core (DNA or RNA) e. an outer protein coating f. an outer envelope derived from the host cell
Which of the following viruses have DNA cores? Select all correct responses. a. hepatitis C b. measles c. chickenpox d. herpes e. hepatitis B f. rabies g. influenza
c. chickenpox d. herpes e. hepatitis B
Where is the genetic information of a virus housed? a. in the nucleus b. in the viral envelope c. in the virus core d. in the capsid e. in the glycoproteins
c. in the virus core