Chapter 18

(Erythrocytes) -What is the life span?

120

What is the normal range of blood pH?

7.35-7.45

The clinical definition of the hematocrit refers to the percentage of A)erythrocytes in the blood. B)leukocytes in the blood. C)platelets in the blood. D)plasma in the blood. E)all formed elements in the blood.

A) erythrocytes in the blood

Which are characteristics of type O blood? a: Has anti-A antibodies b: Has anti-B antibodies c: Has surface antigen O on its erythrocytes d: Has surface antigen A on its erythrocytes e: Has neither surface antigen A nor B on its erythrocytes A) a, b, c B) a, b, e C) b, c, e D) b, c, d E) c

B) a, b, e

(Erthyrocytes) -What is the primary constituent of RBCs? What is its function?

Hemoglobin, to transport respiratory gases

(Leukocytes) -Which leukocyte blood level increases when a person has a bacterial infection?

Neutrophil

(Erythrocytes )Where are erythrocytes degraded? What waste product is formed? How is the waste product eliminated?

Phagocytized by spleen & liver, globin and Fe are repurposed, heme group is wasted as bilirubin

What distinguishes one blood type from another?

Self antigens on surface of RBC Type AB- no antibodies, AB antigens, universal recipient Type O- A&B antibodies, no antigens, universal donor

(Platelets) -What is hemostasis?

Stop bleeding, vascular spasm-->platelet plug--->coagulation

Erythrocytes exhibit a limited lifespan due to their inability to synthesize the proteins necessary to repair themselves. ⊚ true ⊚ false

TRUE

Which vitamin is necessary for the production of four clotting factors?

Vitamin K & Calcium (clotting factor IV)

(Leukocytes) -What are the 5 types?

1.)Lymphocyte- immune response, scanning cells and filtering out pathogens in lymphatic system 2.) Monocyte- warrior turns into macrophage, viral/inflammation 3.)Eosinophil- parasites/allergies, ingest & digest, release chemicals 4.)Basophil- histamine (vasodilation) increases capillary permeability, heparin, releases other chemicals to attract N & M 5.) Neutrophil- warrior, fights bacteria

When trying to diagnose an infection that alters the percentages of leukocyte types found in the blood, it is useful for clinicians to perform A) a white blood cell differential count. B) a red blood cell differential count. C) a total cell count for red and white blood cells. D) blood typing.

A) a white blood cell differential count.

To compensate for significant blood loss, the autonomic nervous systemtriggers A)vasoconstriction and an increase in heart rate. B)vasoconstriction and a decrease in heart rate. C)vasodilation and an increase in heart rate. D)vasodilation and a decrease in heart rate.

A) vasoconstriction and an increase in heart rate.

Which of the following is a step within the common pathway of blood clotting? A)Factor III combines with factor VII. B)Factor XII converts inactive factor XI to active factor XI. C)Prothrombin is activated to thrombin. D)Calcium combines with factor IX.

C)Prothrombin is activated to thrombin.

Which are characteristic of type A blood? a: Has anti-A antibodies b: Has anti-B antibodies c: Has surface antigen A on its erythrocytes d: Has surface antigen B on its erythrocytes e: Has neither surface antigen A nor B on its erythrocytes f: Will agglutinate with blood type B A)b, c, d, f B)a, c, d, f C)a, d, f D)b, c, f E)a, c, f

D)b, c, f

One of the unhealthy effects of blood doping is to A)increase theviscosity of the blood. B)decrease the bloodpressure in the arteries. C)decrease theoxygen carrying capacity of the blood. D)increase thecarbon dioxide carrying capacity of the blood. E)increase theoxygen carrying capacity of the blood.

A)increase theviscosity of the blood.

The process of producing the formed elements of blood is called A)leukopenia. B)hematopoiesis. C)leukocytosis. D)erythroblastosis. E)agglutination.

B) hematopoiesis.

Which clotting pathway involves the combining of thromboplastin (factor III) with factor VII and calcium? A)The intrinsic pathway B)The extrinsic pathway C)The common pathway D)Each of the three pathways (intrinsic, extrinsic, and common).

B)The extrinsic pathway

Which events occur during the recycling of aged or damaged erythrocytes? (Order is not important.) a: The heme group is converted into biliverdin. b: Bilirubin is placed in long-term storage in the liver. c: The iron ions in hemoglobin are removed. d: The iron ions are stored in the liver. e: The iron ions are stored in the red bone marrow. f: Membrane proteins and globin proteins are broken down and reused. g: The erythrocyte contents, excluding the globins, are excreted unchanged via the digestive tract. A)a, b, c, e, f B)a, c, d, f C)a, b, c, g D)c, d, g E)c, e, g

B)a, c, d, f

A malnourished person might have abnormally low levels of plasma proteins. As a result, colloid osmotic pressure A)increases, andthere is fluid retention in the interstitial space. B)increases, and soblood volume is abnormally high. C)decreases, andthere is fluid retention in the interstitial space. D)decreases, and soblood volume is abnormally high.

C)decreases, andthere is fluid retention in the interstitial space.

Fibrinolysis involves ________ of the fibrin framework, and it involves the protein _______. A)construction, thrombokinase B)construction, plasmin C)construction, actinomyosin D)destruction, plasmin E)destruction, thrombo kinase

D) destruction, plasmin

The life span of an erythrocyte is about _________ days. A)10 B)30 C)60 D)120 E)360

D)120

The type of leukocyte that is very active during a bacterial infection is a(n) A)eosinophil. B)basophil. C)lymphocyte. D)neutrophil. E)monocyte.

D)neutrophil.

Which leukocytes are granulocytes? a: Neutrophils b: Eosinophils c: Lymphocytes d: Monocytes e: Basophils f: Erythrocytes A)a, b, c B)b, d, e C)a, b, e, f D)c, d E)a, b, e

E)a, b, e

Blood plasma is slightly _______; if pH drifts out of the normal range, dire consequences can result from alterations in the structure of_______ . A)acidic,glucose B)acidic,proteins C)acidic,glycogen D)basic, glucose E)basic, proteins

E)basic, proteins

(Formed elements 45%)Where are they produced? What is the process called?

Hemopoiesis/Hematopoiesis occurs in red bone marrow