Chapter 18 Anatomy of Blood vessels

Large artery that is classified as ascending, arch, and descending

Aorta

Large artery that is classified as thoracic and abdominal

Aorta

Largest artery in the body; arises from the left ventricle of the heart

Aorta

Large blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart

Arteries

Resistance vessels

Arterioles

Small arteries composed primarily of smooth muscle

Arterioles

The vertebral arteries pass upward from the subclavian arteries toward the back of the neck; they extend upward into the cranium and join to form this artery

Basilar artery

What is true of both the anterior tibial artery and the dorsalis pedis artery?

Both are found in the lower extremities

The most numerous of the blood vessels

Capillaries

These tiny blood vessels are composed of a single layer of epithelium and therefore function as exchange vessels

Capillaries

Vessels that connect the arterioles with the venules

Capillaries

Short artery that divides into the gastric, splenic, and hepatic artery

Celiac trunk

An arrangement of arterial blood vessels found at the base of the brain

Circle of Willis

The distal end of the abdominal aorta splits or bifurcates, into these

Common iliac arteries

Branches of the ascending aorta that supply the myocardium of the heart

Coronary arteries

An extension of the anterior tibial artery that supplies the foot

Dorsalis pedis artery

Failure of this opening to close after birth creates a left-to-right shunt between the aorta and pulmonary artery

Ductus arteriosus

Short tube that connects the fetal pulmonary artery with the aorta

Ductus arteriosus

Structure that connects the umbilical vein with the fetal inferior vena cava; partly shunts blood past the fetal liver

Ductus venosus

Large deep vein in the thigh that enters the pelvis as the external Iliac vein

Femoral vein

Failure of this opening to close after birth creates a left-to-right shunt between the atria

Foramen ovale

Hole in the interatrial septum that allows fetal blood to shunt from the right atrium to the left atrium

Foramen ovale

Located in the lower extremity; the longest vein in the body

Great saphenous vein

Long superficial vein often borrowed for the cardiac bypass surgery

Great saphenous vein

A branch of the celiac trunk the supplies the liver

Hepatic artery

Drains the liver and empties blood into the vena cava

Hepatic veins

Large vein that returns blood to the right atrium from all the regions below the diaphragm

Inferior vena cava

The common iliac vein continued as the vein

Inferior vena cava

Name that means heavy sleep or stupor

Internal carotid arteries

Arteries that ascend on the anterolateral aspect of the neck, supply the circle of Willis

Internal carotid artery

Blood that is a bright red (as opposed to a bluish-red color)

Is oxygenated

Drain the head

Jugular vein

Branch of the aortic arch that supplies the left shoulder and upper arm

Left subclavian artery

Arm vein that is commonly used to withdraw a sample of blood

Median cubital vein

Vein that joins the cephalic and basilic veins

Median cubital vein

These arteries are branches of the abdominal aorta; they supply blood to most of the small intestine and part of the large intestine

Mesenteric artery

Place for maternal-fetal exchange of nutrients, gas, and waste

Placenta

Structure that serves as lungs for the fetus

Placenta

Formed from the Union of the superior Mesenteric vein and the splenic vein

Portal vein

Large vein that carries blood from the digestive organs to the liver

Portal vein

The path of blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs and back to the left atrium

Pulmonary circulation

Artery that supplies the kidneys

Renal artery

Drains the blood from the kidney and empties it into the inferior vena cava

Renal vein

Receives blood from the axillary vein and the external jugular vein

Subclavian vein

This large vein drains the head, shoulders, and upper extremities; it empties into the right arm

Superior vena cava

The path of blood from the left ventricle of the heart to the body cells and back to the right atrium

Systemic circulation

What is a correct statement about the fetal circulation?

There is one umbilical vein that carries oxygenated blood

Structure that carries three blood vessels ( 2 arteries and 1 vein) connects the mother with the fetus

Umbilical cord

About 70% of the blood volume is located in which structures?

Veins

Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart

Veins

Capacitance vessles

Veins

Large vessels that contain valves

Veins

Small veins that drain the capillaries and converge to form large veins

Venules

The purpose of the ductus arteriosus is to

bypass the fetal lungs

The portal vein

carries blood that is rich in digestive end products to the liver

The jugulars

carry unoxygenated blood from the brain

Failure of the ductus anteriosus to close after birth

causes a left-to-right shunt

Most often, atherosclerosis of a carotid artery causes

cognitive impairment

Arterioles have a lot of smooth muscle that allows them to

contract and relax, thereby affecting blood vessel diameter

The basilar artery

delivers blood to the circle of Willis

Ascites, portal hypertension, and esophageal varices are conditions caused by

elevated portal vein pressure

The subclavian veins

empty blood into the brachiocephalic veins

The internal carotid and vertebral arteries

empty blood into the subclavian arteries

Right-sided heart failure is most likely to cause

jugular vein distention

The superior mesenteric and splenic veins

merge to form the portal vein

The foramen ovale

shunts blood from the right side of the heart to the left side