chapter 18 test

the executive committee of five men. They were chosen by the Council of Elders, and the Directory only lasted 4 years and was known mainly for corruption

directory

led a combined British and Prussian army against Napoleon.

duke of Wellington

Members of both houses were chosen by electors, men who owned or rented property of a certain amount

electors

represented areas outside of Paris and wanted to keep King Louis XVI alive

girondins

the sense of unique identity based on common language, religion, and national symbols.

nationalism

Napoleon defeated this country

prussia

refused to comply with the continetal system, and napoleon was forced to invade. The Russians avoided fighting the French army. As they retreated, they burned their own villages to keep Napoleon's army from finding food

russia

name for members of the Paris commune which meant "without breeches"

sans-culottes

an oath saying the National Assembly would continue meeting until they had a constitution

tennis court oath

Promotion within napoleon's new bureaucracy was

Based on ability only, not rank or birth

A medieval fort and prison in Paris used to store gun powder

Bastille

Inspired by English Bill of Rights of 1689 and by the American Declaration of Independence and Constitution, it said men had the right to liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppresion

Declaration of the rights of man and the citizen

Napoleon's coup d'etat overthrew the _________ to establish his consulate

Directory

An island off the coast of Italy when Napoleon was first exiled

Elba

What were some of the most important causes of the french revolution?

Enlightenment ideas, rigid social structure, financial crisis

The declaration of the rights of man and the citizen proclaimed

Equal rights for all men, but no political rights for women

Explain why the period between 1793 and 1794 became known as the Reign of Terror.

For roughly a year during 1793 and 1794 the Committee of Public Safety took control of the government. To defend France from domestic threats, the Committee adopted policies that became known as the Reign of Terror.

A machine for beheading people, used as a means of execution during the French Revolution.

Guillotine

to ensure loyalty, who did napoleon install on the thrones of the lands he conquered?

His relatives

Describe some of the de-Christianization activities taken on by the national convention in order to promote reason.

In 1793, two women founded the Society from Revolutionary Republic Women in Paris. The convention also pursued a policy of de-Christianization . Its members believed religion encouraged superstition, rather than reason. This lead to the world "saint" being removed from street names, the revolutionaries looked closely at church, and the pope was encouraged to marry. In November 1792, a ceremony dedicated to reason of worship was held in the formed catholic cathedral. Also, another example of de-Christianization was the adoption of a new calendar, this no longer referred back to the birth of Christ. Robespierre, came to relive, however, that most French people would not accept these efforts at de-Christianization, France was still overwhelmingly catholic.

a club to which many members of the Mountain belonged and they represented the radicals in Paris

Jacobins

Under the constitution of 1791, the ________ would make the laws

Legislative Assembly

Lawmaking body established by the Constitution of 1791

Legislative assembly

Queen of France (as wife of Louis XVI) who was unpopular her extravagance and opposition to reform contributed to the overthrow of the monarchy; she was guillotined along with her husband (1755-1793)

Marie antoinette

Who was the radical jacobin that pursued the reign of terror?

Maximilien Robespierre

he was a radical Jacobin and was one of the Revolution's most important leaders

Maximilien robespierre

In 1791 a new constitution was set up in france to allow "active" citizens to vote. What were "active citizens?

Men over 25 who paid a certain amount of taxes

French military and political leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led several successful campaigns during the French Revolutionary Wars.

Napoleon Bonaparte

Explain how napoleon could claim that he had preserved the gains of the French revolution.

Napoleon kept some of the major reform of the French Revolution, such as all citizens were equal before the law. The idea of opening government careers to more people was another gain of the revolution that he retained.

Preserved most of the revolutionary principles

Napoleonic code

The terms sans-culottes, meaning "without breeches" implied that the members of this political group were

Ordinary patriots without fine clothes

Who seized political power from the legislative assembly?

Paris commune

angry citizens of Paris declared themselves a commune(popularly run city council) and attacked the royal palace

Paris commune

The committee of public safety was given broad powers to

Protect the paris commune from thieves

In its attempts to create a new order that reflected its belief in reason, the national convention

Pursued a policy of de-christianization, going to far as to adopt a new calender

The russians defeated napoleon's superior Grand Army by

Retreating hundreds of miles and burning their own villages and countryside

Saint Helena is a volcanic tropical island in the South Atlantic Ocean, where Napoleon was exiled to after he was defeated in the Battle of Waterloo

St. helena

What were the two major reasons that Napoleon's Grand Empire collapsed?

Survival of great britain and the force of nationalism

France's chief tax that clergy or nobles didn't pay

Taille

The three major parts of Napoleon's Grand Empire were

The french empire, the dependent states, and the allied states

The French Constitution of 1795 set up two legislative houses in order to keep any one political group from gaining control. What was the role of each legislative house?

The lower house, the Council of 500, drafted laws. An upper house of 250, the Council of Elders, accepted or rejected proposed laws.

Which of france's estates paid the taille?

The third estate

Why would Austria and Prussia threaten to restore Louis XVI to full power in France?

They knew if there was a weak leader on the throne in France, then they would be safe for attack, or have a better opportunity to attack. Also if their citizens saw a revolution work in France, they might think it would work in their country.

When Louis XVI called a meeting of the Estates-General in 1789, which estate wanted to set up a constitutional government?

Third estate

Duke of wellington beat Napoleon in this battle. Napoleon's first loss

Waterloo

The french national assembly swore the Tennis Court Oath, which was ...

a vow to continue to meet until they had produced a French constitution

According to the civil constitution of the clergy

bishops and priests were to be elected by the people and paid by the state.

In 1793, the National Convention have the Committee of Public Safety broad powers and the radical Jacobin Maximilien Robespierre came to power.

committee of public safety

Napoleon's policy of preventing trade between Great Britain and continental Europe, intended to destroy Great Britain's economy

continental system

a sudden overthrow of the government

coup d'etat