Chapter 18: The Heart Part 2

Define cardiac regurgitation. (Module 18.7A)

Cardiac regurgitation is the backflow of blood into the atria when the ventricles contract.

Blood is supplied to the myocardium by

The coronary arteries.

The ________ valve prevents backward flow into the left atrium.

bicuspid

The cusps (leaflets) of atrioventricular valves attach directly to

chordae tendineae

The function of the atrium is to

collect blood and pump blood to the ventricle

The great and middle cardiac veins drain blood into the

coronary sinus

Identify the structure labeled "6"

cusp of tricuspid valve

Arteriosclerosis can lead to all of the following except

diabetes.

The atrioventricular valves permit blood flow

in one direction only.

David suffers from a prolapsed mitral valve. This condition would cause

increased effort by the left ventricle and regurgitation.

The ________ separate(s) the two ventricles.

interventricular septum

The circumflex branch and the anterior interventricular artery are branches of the

left coronary artery.

Which chamber pumps oxygenated blood out the aorta to the systemic circuit?

left ventricle

The ________ has a greater workload than the ________.

left ventricle; right ventricle

Identify the structure labeled "21"

ligamentum ateriosum

Which structure provides a rapid-conduction path that tenses the papillary muscles before the ventricular myocardium contracts, preventing "slamming" of the right AV cusps?

moderator band

When the semilunar valves close, the AV valves then

open.

Identify the structure labeled "8"

papillary muscles

Contractions of the papillary muscles

prevent the atrioventricular valves from reversing into the atria.

Identify the structure labeled "19"

pulmonary semilunar valve

Rupture of the papillary muscles in the left ventricle may result in any of the following except

pulmonary valve stenosis

Compared to the right ventricle, the left ventricle has all the following characteristics except that it

pumps a greater volume.

coronary veins empty into the

right atrium.

The marginal branch and posterior interventricular branch are branches of the

right coronary artery.

Which heart chamber pumps unoxygenated blood out the pulmonary trunk

right ventricle

Muscular ridges on the inner surface of the ventricles are called

trabeculae carneae

Blood flowing into the heart from the venae cavae flows next through the ________ valve.

tricuspid

What is coronary ischemia? (Module 18.8B)

Coronary ischemia is a condition in which the blood supply of the coronary arteries is reduced.

Describe what happens to blood flow during elastic rebound. (Module 18.5D)

Elastic rebound is when blood in the aorta is driven forward into the systemic circuit, some is forced back toward the left ventricle and into the coronary arteries.

Compare the anterior cardiac veins to the posterior vein of the left ventricle. (Module 18.5B)

The anterior cardiac veins drain the anterior surface of the right ventricle and empty into the right atrium; the posterior vein of left ventricle drains the area supplied by the circumflex artery (posterior surface of the left ventricle).

Which pathology is described as a thickening and toughening of arterial walls?

arteriosclerosis

The bicuspid, or mitral, valve is located

between the left atrium and left ventricle.

When the ventricles contract, what pushes the cusps of the AV together, closing them to prevent backflow from the ventricles into the atria?

blood from inside the ventricles

Which valve(s) close(s) during ventricularcontraction?

both AV valves

Which artery curves to the left around the coronary sulcus, eventually meeting and fusing with small branches of the right coronary artery?

circumflex artery

The first blood vessels to branch from the aorta are the ________ arteries.

coronary

when the left ventricle contracts, the distance from the apex to the base

deacreases

When the left ventricle contracts, the diameter of the ventricular chamber

decreases

The pulmonary veins carry blood to the

heart

The ________ separate(s) the two atria.

interatrial septum

Blood is supplied to the left atrium by the

left coronary artery.

The pulmonary arteries carry blood to the

lungs

Damage to the semilunar valve on the right side of the heart would affect blood flow to which vessel? (Module 18.6B)

pulmonary trunk

As blood leaves the right ventricle, it passes through the ________ and then into the pulmonary trunk.

pulmonary valve

Blood leaves the right ventricle by passing through the

pulmonary valve

The right atrium receives blood from all of the following except the

pulmonary veins

If a patient's tricuspid valve was leaking during systole, what would happen?

regurgitation back into the right atrium

The right ventricle pumps blood to the

right and left lungs

Which chamber receives blood from the superior and inferior vena cavae?

right atrium

Blood returning to the heart from the systemic circuit first enters the

right atrium.

The ________ deliver(s) blood to the myocardium.

right coronary artery and left coronary artery

The pulmonary semilunar valve prevents backward flow into the

right ventricle

Identify the correct sequence for blood flow through the heart.

right ventricle, through pulmonary valve, pulmonary trunk, pulmonary arteries

Which chamber receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary circuit?

16

The following is a list of vessels and structures that are associated with the heart. 1. right atrium 2. left atrium 3. right ventricle 4. left ventricle 5. venae cavae 6. aorta 7. pulmonary trunk 8. pulmonary veins What is the correct order for the flow of blood entering from the systemic circulation?

5,1,3,7,8,2,4,6

Complications related to arteriosclerosis account for roughly ________ percent of deaths in the United States.

50

What do semilunar valves prevent? (Module 18.7C)

Semilunar valves prevent backflow of blood into the ventricles.

Which of the following does NOT contribute to the partial or complete blockage of the coronary arteries that causes coronary ischemia?

a stent

The left ventricle pumps blood to the

aorta.

Which heart chamber receives blood from the pulmonary veins?

left atrium

Blood returning to the heart from the pulmonary circuit first enters the

left atrium.

Which vessel(s) supplies/supply the left ventricle, left atrium, and the interventricular septum?

left coronary artery

The heart is actually (one, two, or three) pumps?

two pumps

Compare arteriosclerosis with atherosclerosis. (Module 18.8A)

Arteriosclerosis is any thickening and toughening of arterial walls; atherosclerosis is a type of arteriosclerosis characterized by changes in the endothelial lining and the formation of fatty deposits (plaque) in the tunica media.

Comparing the left ventricle with the right ventricle, which of the following is true?

The left ventricle does more work than the right ventricle.

Why is the left ventricle more muscular than the right ventricle? (Module 18.6A)

The left ventricle must generate enough force to propel blood through the systemic circuit, whereas the right ventricle must generate only enough force to propel blood the short distance from the heart to the lungs in the pulmonary circuit.

Describe the areas of the heart supplied by the right and left coronary arteries. (Module 18.5A)

The right coronary artery supplies blood to the right atrium, portions of both ventricles, and the conducting system. The left coronary artery supplies blood to the left ventricle, left atrium, and interventricular septum.