Chapter 19

Why did most black men and women who migrated to the large cities of the North between 1880 and 1917 end up working in the service sector?

They were routinely rejected from other jobs.

What was the key to the successful building of skyscrapers in American cities in the late nineteenth century?

An interior skeleton made of manufactured steel beams.

Which statement assesses the early-twentieth-century crusade against prostitution in the United States?

The crusade pushed prostitution out of brothels and into the street.

Which statement assesses the consequences of the Triangle fire in New York City in 1911?

The fire showed that only stronger laws could alleviate sweatshop conditions.

After running their Chicago settlement house for a few years, what did Jane Addams and her colleagues believe the working-class people they served needed?

The resources and political voice to improve their lives.

What were the political machines that played such a vital role in late-nineteenth-century American cities?

Local party bureaucracies that controlled elected and appointed offices.

Why did big cities in the United States become sites of manufacturing as well as finance and trade after the Civil War?

Steam engines allowed factory operators to move away from water-driven power.

Which of the following statements assesses the impact of New York's Tenement House Law of 1901 on the 44,000 tenements that existed at the time?

It failed to change older structures because reform was not profitable.

Who were the "muckrakers" of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century?

Journalists who promoted reform.

Working separately in the 1880s and 1890s, researcher Helen Campbell and photographer Jacob Riis both sought to call attention to what problem?

Miserable conditions in urban tenement housing.

What allowed engineers and planners in the second half of the nineteenth century to develop a new urban geography in the United States?

New technologies.

What prompted urban reform movements in the 1890s?

Widespread suffering from the depression of that decade.