Chapter 19: Enterobaceriaceae

human gastrointestinal tract

site of primary infections cause by several organisms included in Enterobacteriaceae

_____ is neither a requirement or a stimulant for growth of enterics.

sodium

In a Citrate Utilization Test, citrate agar is used to test an organism's ability to utilize citrate as a(n) _______.

source of energy

The primary pathogens, which include S. enterica, Shigella spp., and Yersinia spp., are considered ______--that is, they are not present as commensal flora in the G.I. tract of humans.

true pathogens

The _____ forms a capsule on Salmonella cells.

vi antigen

Genera of Tribe I: Escherichia include: 1. Escherichia 2. ______ 3. Citrobacter 4. Salmonella 5. Shigella

Edwardsiella

Genera of Tribe I: Klebsiella include: 1. Klebsiella 2. _____ 3. Serratia 4. Pantoea 5. Cronobacter 6. Hafnia

Enterobacter

Opportunistic pathogens of the Enterobacteriaceae family are: 1. Morganella 2. ______ 3. Serratia 4. Klebsiella pneumoniae 5. Escherichia coli 6. Providencia

Enterobacter

Pneumonia affects the lower respiratory tract and can be caused by Klebsiella, ______, or Escherichia.

Enterobacter

Sepsis affects the bloodstream and can be caused by Escherichia, Klebsiella, and _____.

Enterobacter

Opportunistic pathogens of the Enterobacteriaceae family include: 1. Escherichia coli 2. Klebsiella pneumoniae 3. ______ 4. Serratia marcenscens 5. Proteus spp. 6. Provencia spp. 7. Citrobecter spp.

Enterobacter aerogenes

The single genus in Tribe IV: Erwinieae ______.

Erwinia

Taxonomical Tribe IV: ______

Erwinieae

Diarrhea affects the gastrointestinal tract and can be caused by Salmonella, Shigella, ______, and Yersinia.

Escherichia

Genera of Tribe I: Escherichia include: 1. ______ 2. Edwardsiella 3. Citrobacter 4. Salmonella 5. Shigella

Escherichia

Pneumonia affects the lower respiratory tract and can be caused by Klebsiella, Enterobacter, or ______.

Escherichia

Sepsis affects the bloodstream and can be caused by _____, Klebsiella, and Enterobacter.

Escherichia

Taxonomical Tribe I: _____

Escherichia

UTIs affect the urinary tract and can be caused by ______, Proteus, Klebsiella, and Morganella.

Escherichia

Opportunistic pathogens of the Enterobacteriaceae family are: 1. Morganella 2. Enterobacter 3. Serratia 4. Klebsiella pneumoniae 5. _____ 6. Providencia

Escherichia coli

Opportunistic pathogens of the Enterobacteriaceae family include: 1. ______ 2. Klebsiella pneumoniae 3. Enterobacter aerogenes 4. Serratia marcenscens 5. Proteus spp. 6. Provencia spp. 7. Citrobecter spp.

Escherichia coli

Gram stain morphology of enterobacteriaceae

Gram-negative short rods

The _____ is found on the flagella of the cell.

H antigen

Genera of Tribe I: Klebsiella include: 1. Klebsiella 2. Enterobacter 3. Serratia 4. Pantoea 5. Cronobacter 6. _____

Hafnia

The _____ is found in the capsule of the cell.

K antigen

All forms of enterobacteriaceae are motile except for Shigella and ______.

Klebsiella

Genera of Tribe I: Klebsiella include: 1. ______ 2. Enterobacter 3. Serratia 4. Pantoea 5. Cronobacter 6. Hafnia

Klebsiella

Pneumonia affects the lower respiratory tract and can be caused by ______, Enterobacter, or Escherichia.

Klebsiella

Sepsis affects the bloodstream and can be caused by Escherichia, _____, and Enterobacter.

Klebsiella

Taxonomical Tribe II: ______

Klebsiella

UTIs affect the urinary tract and can be caused by Escherichia, Proteus, ______, and Morganella.

Klebsiella

Opportunistic pathogens of the Enterobacteriaceae family are: 1. Morganella 2. Enterobacter 3. Serratia 4. ______ 5. Escherichia coli 6. Providencia

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Opportunistic pathogens of the Enterobacteriaceae family include: 1. Escherichia coli 2. ______ 3. Enterobacter aerogenes 4. Serratia marcenscens 5. Proteus spp. 6. Provencia spp. 7. Citrobecter spp.

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Primary pathogens of the Enterobacteriaceae family are: 1. Shigella 2. Salmonella 3. Yersinia 4. Klebsiella pneumoniae 5. ______

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Primary pathogens of the Enterobacteriaceae family are: 1. Shigella 2. Salmonella 3. Yersinia 4. ______ 5. Escherichia coli

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Enterobacteriaceae have simple nutrition requirements, and _____ is used to isolate and differentiate the entire family.

MacConkey agar

Genera of Tribe III: Proteeae include: 1. Providencia 2. _____ 3. Proteus

Morganella

Opportunistic pathogens of the Enterobacteriaceae family are: 1. ______ 2. Enterobacter 3. Serratia 4. Klebsiella pneumoniae 5. Escherichia coli 6. Providencia

Morganella

UTIs affect the urinary tract and can be caused by Escherichia, Proteus, Klebsiella, and _______.

Morganella

The _____ is found on the outer membrane of the cell.

O antigen

Genera of Tribe I: Klebsiella include: 1. Klebsiella 2. Enterobacter 3. Serratia 4. _____ 5. Cronobacter 6. Hafnia

Pantoea

Tribe II: Klebsiella is negative for what?

Potassium cyanide broth H₂S production Deamination of phenylalanine Urease (generally) Indole (usually) Methyl Red

Taxonomic Tribe III: ______

Proteeae

Genera of Tribe III: Proteeae include: 1. Providencia 2. Morganella 3. _____

Proteus

UTIs affect the urinary tract and can be caused by Escherichia, ______, Klebsiella, and Morganella.

Proteus

Opportunistic pathogens of the Enterobacteriaceae family include: 1. Escherichia coli 2. Klebsiella pneumoniae 3. Enterobacter aerogenes 4. Serratia marcenscens 5. ______ 6. Provencia spp. 7. Citrobecter spp.

Proteus spp.

Opportunistic pathogens of the Enterobacteriaceae family include: 1. Escherichia coli 2. Klebsiella pneumoniae 3. Enterobacter aerogenes 4. Serratia marcenscens 5. Proteus spp. 6. ______ 7. Citrobecter spp.

Provencia spp.

Genera of Tribe III: Proteeae include: 1. ______ 2. Morganella 3. Proteus

Providencia

Opportunistic pathogens of the Enterobacteriaceae family are: 1. Morganella 2. Enterobacter 3. Serratia 4. Klebsiella pneumoniae 5. Escherichia coli 6. ______

Providencia

Diarrhea affects the gastrointestinal tract and can be caused by ______, Shigella, Escherichia, and Yersinia.

Salmonella

Genera of Tribe I: Escherichia include: 1. Escherichia 2. Edwardsiella 3. Citrobacter 4. ______ 5. Shigella

Salmonella

Primary pathogens of the Enterobacteriaceae family are: 1. Shigella 2. ______ 3. Yersinia 4. Klebsiella pneumoniae 5. Escherichia coli

Salmonella

Obligate pathogens in the Enterobacteriaceae family include: 1. ______ 2. Shigella spp. 3. Yersinia spp. 4. Some E. coli strains

Salmonella spp.

opportunistic infection caused by enterics

Septicemia, pneumonia, meningitis, UTIs

Genera of Tribe I: Klebsiella include: 1. Klebsiella 2. Enterobacter 3. ______ 4. Pantoea 5. Cronobacter 6. Hafnia

Serratia

Opportunistic pathogens of the Enterobacteriaceae family are: 1. Morganella 2. Enterobacter 3. Serratia 4. Klebsiella pneumoniae 5. Escherichia coli 6. Providencia

Serratia

Opportunistic pathogens of the Enterobacteriaceae family include: 1. Escherichia coli 2. Klebsiella pneumoniae 3. Enterobacter aerogenes 4. ______ 5. Proteus spp. 6. Provencia spp. 7. Citrobecter spp.

Serratia marcenscens

All forms of enterobacteriaceae are motile except for _____ and Klebsiella.

Shigella

Diarrhea affects the gastrointestinal tract and can be caused by Salmonella, _____, Escherichia, and Yersinia.

Shigella

Genera of Tribe I: Escherichia include: 1. Escherichia 2. Edwardsiella 3. Citrobacter 4. Salmonella 5. _____

Shigella

Primary pathogens of the Enterobacteriaceae family are: 1. _____ 2. Salmonella 3. Yersinia 4. Klebsiella pneumoniae 5. Escherichia coli

Shigella

Obligate pathogens in the Enterobacteriaceae family include: 1. Salmonella spp. 2. ______ 3. Yersinia spp. 4. Some E. coli strains

Shigella spp.

Tribe II: Klebsiella is positive for what?

Simmon's citrate and VP

Obligate pathogens in the Enterobacteriaceae family include: 1. Salmonella spp. 2. Shigella spp. 3. Yersinia spp. 4. ______

Some E. coli strains

What separates enterics from other bacteria with similar morphology (i.e., pseudomonas, Aeromonas, Vibrio, Alcaligenes, Achromobater, Flavibacterium)?

They are oxidase negative

An Indole Test is used to observe whether or not an organism produces _____.

Tryptophanase

Diarrhea affects the gastrointestinal tract and can be caused by Salmonella, Shigella, Escherichia, and ______.

Yersinia

Primary pathogens of the Enterobacteriaceae family are: 1. Shigella 2. Salmonella 3. ______ 4. Klebsiella pneumoniae 5. Escherichia coli

Yersinia

Obligate pathogens in the Enterobacteriaceae family include: 1. Salmonella spp. 2. Shigella spp. 3. ______ 4. Some E. coli strains

Yersinia spp.

Salmonella and Shigellaare highly ______.

pathogenic

All enterics are catalase ______.

positive

In a ______, the medium contains citrate as the sole carbon source and inorganic ammonium salts (NH4H2PO4) as the sole source of nitrogen.

Citrate Utilization Test

Genera of Tribe I: Escherichia include: 1. Escherichia 2. Edwardsiella 3. ______ 4. Salmonella 5. Shigella

Citrobacter

Opportunistic pathogens of the Enterobacteriaceae family include: 1. Escherichia coli 2. Klebsiella pneumoniae 3. Enterobacter aerogenes 4. Serratia marcenscens 5. Proteus spp. 6. Provencia spp. 7. ______

Citrobecter spp.

Genera of Tribe I: Klebsiella include: 1. Klebsiella 2. Enterobacter 3. Serratia 4. Pantoea 5. _____ 6. Hafnia

Cronobacter

When Kovac's reagent is added to a broth with indole in it, what develops?

a dark pink color

Enterics produce ____ from glucose (ferment glucose).

acid

Meningitis

affects the central nervous system and is caused by Escherichia

non-lactose fermenters

appear clear on MacConkey agar

lactose fermenters

appear pink on MacConkey media

The Enterobacteriaceae family contains a large number of genera that are _____ related to one another.

biochemically and genetically

In a Citrate Utilization Test, the medium contains citrate as the sole _____ source and inorganic ammonium salts (NH4H2PO4) as the sole source of nitrogen.

carbon

Salmonella and Shigella are lactose - nonfermenters, so they produce ______ colonies on MacConkey media.

colorless

neutral red

pH indicator in MacConkey agar; acidic = pink

lactose

differentiates between fermenters and non-fermenters in MacConkey agar

The microscopic characteristics of ______ are indistinguishable from other gram-negative bacteria.

enterics

Enterics contain a characteristic antigen call the _______ antigen.

enterobacterial common

In a(n) _____ test, the test organism is inoculated in tryptone broth, a rich source of the amino acid tryptophan.

indole

When an organism produces tryptophanase, an enzyme that cleaves tryptophan, it produces _____ and other products.

indole

The primary pathogens, which include S. enterica, Shigella spp., and Yersinia spp., produce infections resulting from ______, or from other sources.

ingestion of contaminated food or water

bile salts

inhibits the growth of G+ve bacteria in MacConkey agar

purpose of bile salts and crystal violet

inhibits the growth of certain organisms in agar, causing the selectivity of agar

crystal violet

like bile salts, inhibits the growth of G+ve bacteria in MacConkey agar

If an enteric is ______, it is by means of peritrichous (lateral) flagella.

motile

All enterics are oxidase ______.

negative

Enterbacteriaceae usually reduce what?

nitrate to nitrite

In a Citrate Utilization Test, the medium contains citrate as the sole carbon source and inorganic ammonium salts (NH4H2PO4) as the sole source of _____.

nitrogen

Members of the Enterobacteriaceae family are major causes of ______ infection.

opportunistic

primary pathogens

organisms capable of causing disease in anyone

opportunistic pathogens

organisms that can only cause disease under certain conditions or in certain hosts