chapter 19
The symptoms of the depression of the 1890s included all of the following problems except a. high inflation b. bank failures c. credit contraction d. railroad bankruptcies e. depressed prices in agriculture
a. high inflation
The United States took control of part of the Samoan islands after a long dispute with a. Great Britain and Germany b. Germany and France c. France and Spain d. Spain and Great Britain e. Germany and Spain
a. Great Britain and Germany
The "Granger laws" of the 1870s sought to do which of the following? a. control railroad rates and practices to prevent discrimination against small farmers b. establish the free coinage of silver to inflate the currency c. establish a system of warehousing cooperatives to raise farm prices d. lower tariffs to allow farmers access to foreign markets e. limit the power of trusts to allow farmers cheaper farm machinery prices
a. control railroad rates and practices to prevent discrimination against small farmers
The purpose of the Foraker Act of 1900 was to a. end American military rule in Puerto Rico and establish a formal colonial government b. create provisions for the governing of American Samoa c. provide guidelines for American government in the Philippines d. grant American citizenship to all Puerto Ricans e. establish guidelines for the eventual independence of the Philippines
a. end American military rule in Puerto Rico and establish a formal colonial government
The Omaha Platform of the Populists included all of the following proposals except a. federal support for national banks b. a subtreasury system of crop warehouses c. government ownership of the railroads d. inflation of the currency e. the end of absentee land ownership
a. federal support for national banks
Going into the election season of 1884, Grover Cleveland was respected for a. his consistent opposition to corrupt politicians and interest groups b. his bold stance on attaining civil rights for African Americans c. his creation of the Open Door foreign policy d. his belief that U.S. troops should be removed from the South e. his support for suffrage rights for American women
a. his consistent opposition to corrupt politicians and interest groups
The Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890 declared illegal any contract, trust, or restraint of trade in a. interstate commerce b. manufacturing c. intrastate commerce d. industry e. shipping
a. interstate commerce
In general, the Populist movement was primarily supported by a. large-scale mechanized farmers b. small farmers. c. the urban middle class d. big city political machines e. corporate farming interests
a. large-scale mechanized farmers
Grover Cleveland lost the election of 1888 partly because of the issue of a. lowering tariffs b. restricting immigration c. regulating big business d. passing civil service legislation e. supporting civil rights
a. lowering tariffs
Of the eligible voters, voter turnout between 1860 and 1900 averaged a. over three quarters b. only 50% c. a decline of 5% per presidential election d. just 25% e. nearly 90%
a. over three quarters
The political activity of the late 1800s can best be described by the statement that a. politicians did not address the problems caused by the rapid social and economic changes of the times b. party differences were so extreme that agreement and action were difficult c. public policy was dominated by the liberals in both the Republican and the Democratic parties d. the growing strength of conflicting interest groups severely limited the chances for effective legislation e. labor unions caused the government to pass significant reforms
a. politicians did not address the problems caused by the rapid social and economic changes of the times
When it was first created in 1887, the Interstate Commerce Commission was designed to regulate a. railroads b. monopolies c. manufacturers d. all interstate companies e. trusts
a. railroads
The Republican Party of the late 1800's appealed most strongly to all the following except a. recent European immigrants b. northern Protestants c. middle class voters d. freed southern slaves e. "old stock" citizens
a. recent European immigrants
During the election of 1896, William McKinley represented all of the following sectors of the voting populace except a. small farmers b. gold advocates c. traditional conservatives d. big business e. Northerners
a. small farmers
The results of the 1900 presidential election support the conclusion that a. imperialism played a role of little significance, as Americans seemed more interested in other issues b. Bryan's efforts to spark debate on imperialism backfired, as Americans demonstrated clear support for McKinley's policies c. the American people were evenly divided on the question of imperialism d. voters offered a sharp protest against American imperialism e. both major parties were united behind support for American imperialism
b. Bryan's efforts to spark debate on imperialism backfired, as Americans demonstrated clear support for McKinley's policies
What was the impact of the Platt Amendment? a. It incorporated Puerto Rico into the United States. b. It gave the United States virtual control over Cuba. c. It provided for the independence of the Philippines. d. It declared that the United States would not annex Cuba. e. It led to the annexation of Hawaii.
b. It gave the United States virtual control over Cuba.
Supporters of the Populist party included large numbers of all of the following groups except a. Midwestern family farmers b. Western miners c. Eastern labor union members d. Southern tenant farmers e. former members of the Farmers' Alliances
b. Western miners
During the late 1800s, the federal government had a reputation for a. creating conflicts b. being very active in reform movements c. being concerned with international affairs d. being stronger than most national governments e. doing very little to ease growing problems
b. being very active in reform movements
Jacob S. Coxey's army of unemployed Americans marched to Washington to demand that the federal government a. outlaw minor political parties b. create jobs for the unemployed c. lower the salaries of government employees d. deflate the currency e. close down the national bank
b. create jobs for the unemployed
The purpose of the Pendleton Civil Service Act of 1883 was to a. establish the first racial quotas for government jobs b. fill some government jobs on the basis of competitive examinations c. ensure that appointments to government jobs were approved by Congress d. declare illegal the system of city political machines and boss rule e. create a board of appeals for labor disputes
b. fill some government jobs on the basis of competitive examinations
The crisis of the 1890s was caused by all of the following developments except a. severe economic depression b. government regulation of business c. labor unrest and violence d. lack of action by the major political parties e. the rigid conservatism of Grover Cleveland
b. government regulation of business
Grover Cleveland obtained the repeal of the Sherman Silver Purchase Act because a. the Southern and Western wings of the Democratic party pressured Congress to repeal the act b. he believed that the gold drain from the treasury threatened the nation's financial stability c. most Americans saw "free silver" as a cure-all for the nation's financial instability d. it had resulted in $100 million in silver flowing into the treasury e. the Republican party had attempted to impeach him
b. he believed that the gold drain from the treasury threatened the nation's financial stability
Although historians disagree as to their interpretations of Populism, the movement was significant because a. it led to successful radical movements in the early 1900s b. it was one of the few third-party movements to gain national influence c. the activists of the party were responsible for the success of the first McKinley administration d. it helped to elect a president at the peak of its power e. it revealed the economic weakness of the Northeastern elite
b. it was one of the few third-party movements to gain national influence
During the fighting of the Spanish-American War, a. American troops had experienced commanders b. more American fighting men died of disease than were killed in action c. regular army units did more of the fighting than did National Guard units d. the U.S. Army conducted a competent and efficient mobilization e. Spain won many battles to prolong the war
b. more American fighting men died of disease than were killed in action
In the late 1800s, most Americans engaged in political activity because of their a. commitment to democracy in the workplace b. regional, ethnic, or religious sentiments c. interest in particular issues d. stands on matters of public policy e. party affiliations
b. regional, ethnic, or religious sentiments
During the late 1800s, the function of the president was to a. use his position as leader of both his party and the nation to control Congress b. spend much of his time making political appointments c. persuade Congress to agree on the subjects under debate and make the government's position clear to the press d. suggest legislation to Congress and mediate the conflicts between the two political parties e. create major fiscal and military policies
b. spend much of his time making political appointments
Populist party leaders of the early 1890s included all of the following people except a. Tom Watson b. Mary Elizabeth Lease c. William Jennings Bryan d. Leonidas J. Polk e. James B. Weaver
c. William Jennings Bryan
The Supreme Court eventually overturned the Granger Laws of the 1870s on grounds that a. in the absence of federal regulation, the states had the right to regulate interstate commerce b. state regulation of freight rates was an unconstitutional attempt to control interstate commerce c. only Congress had the right to control commerce within a state d. a corporation was not a "person" under the meaning of the Fourteenth Amendment e. trusts and monopolies could not challenge federal authority
b. state regulation of freight rates was an unconstitutional attempt to control interstate commerce
During the late 1800s, the only significant form of federal assistance to individuals was a. the old-age benefit b. the Civil War veterans' pension c. health care for the poor d. support for widows and orphans e. Social Security for retired workers
b. the Civil War veterans' pension
The "Crime of '73" refers to a. the government's intervention in labor disputes b. the government's discontinuing the coinage of silver c. the government's unwillingness to pursue antitrust actions d. the Supreme Court's overturning of the Granger laws e. the government's policy of purchasing silver
b. the government's discontinuing the coinage of silver
In the Philippine War of 1898 to 1902, the United States a. easily put down the insurrection of a small minority of Filipino people b. with great difficulty suppressed a full-scale revolt that the majority of the Filipino people supported c. defended the islands against the attempt of the former Spanish rulers to retake them d. protected the inhabitants from the efforts of the Japanese to take over the islands e. emerged as freedom fighters in the minds of most Filipinos
b. with great difficulty suppressed a full-scale revolt that the majority of the Filipino people supported
The Democratic Party of the late 1800's appealed most strongly to all the following except a. white Southerners b. Roman Catholics c. poorer persons d. Midwestern farmers e. most recent immigrants
d. Midwestern farmers
The speech that made William Jennings Bryan the Democratic nominee for president in 1896 climaxed with the famous words a. "no man can earn a million dollars honestly" b. "we demand that big business give the people a square deal" c. "you shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold" d. "I pledge you, I pledge myself, to a better deal for the American farmer" e. "we need to raise more hell and less corn"
c. "you shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold"
Which of the following best characterizes the American economic impact on Cuba, the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Hawaii? a. American occupation produced a balanced economy. b. American occupation created a rising standard of living in each area. c. American occupation led to almost exclusive dependence on the United States. d. American influence led to industrialization and modernization in each area. e. American occupation had little significant economic impact.
c. American occupation led to almost exclusive dependence on the United States.
Which of the following best characterizes the role of the popular American press in the period leading up to the Spanish-American War? a. It promoted balanced and informed debate over events in Cuba. b. It opposed potential American involvement in the conflict between Spain and Cuba. c. It emphasized Spanish atrocities in Cuba to help inflame American public opinion. d. It took little interest in events in Cuba. e. It emphasized the atrocities committed by Cuban rebels.
c. It emphasized Spanish atrocities in Cuba to help inflame American public opinion.
The Boxer Rebellion of 1900 came to an end when a. the Chinese Army suppressed all secret societies, including the Boxers b. all foreign powers agreed to stop interfering in internal Chinese affairs c. a multinational armed force rescued the foreign diplomats trapped in Peking by the Boxers d. the Japanese Army attacked China, and the Boxers joined other Chinese in defending their country e. the United States expressed support for the Boxers
c. a multinational armed force rescued the foreign diplomats trapped in Peking by the Boxers
In the mid-1880s, many members of the public wanted federal antitrust regulation because a. big corporations were always able to lobby against and defeat state regulation b. the federal government prohibited state regulation of interstate corporations c. corporations could move to states that offered special protection to them d. interstate corporations could afford to pay state fines and continue to operate as they wanted e. there was a general consensus for the redistribution of wealth
c. corporations could move to states that offered special protection to them
In the 1890s, Spain and the United States gradually moved toward war over Cuba for all of the following reasons except a. a change in U.S. tariff policy hurt the Cuban economy and made the Cuban people ready for revolt b. when the Cuban revolt broke out, the American press printed sensational, one-sided stories about it c. during the Cuban revolt, the Spanish committed numerous atrocities, whereas the Cubans usually behaved humanely d. Cubans living in the United States popularized their side of the revolt with the American people e. sensationalized press coverage stirred a fervor for war
c. during the Cuban revolt, the Spanish committed numerous atrocities, whereas the Cubans usually behaved humanely
The Rough Riders were a. Cuban-Americans who supported a free Cuba b. commanded by Arthur MacArthur c. involved in bold, reckless charges during the fighting in Cuba d. a cavalry regiment in the regular army e. military officers trained at West Point
c. involved in bold, reckless charges during the fighting in Cuba
The Populist party ceased to be a separate political party when a. the Republicans defeated it in 1892 b. its party leader died shortly after the election campaign of 1896 c. it nominated the same presidential candidate as the Democrats in the election of 1896 d. it lost again in the election of 1900 e. it made an alliance with the Republicans in 1896
c. it nominated the same presidential candidate as the Democrats in the election of 1896
The Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 was essentially ineffective for the first twenty years after its passage because a. it did not permit the breaking up of the largest monopolies b. the members of the Interstate Commerce Commission were antibusiness c. it was haphazardly enforced and was narrowly interpreted by the courts d. the Supreme Court ruled that if a corporation were engaged in manufacturing then it was not subject to law e. American voters rejected its basic philosophy
c. it was haphazardly enforced and was narrowly interpreted by the courts
In the late 1800s and early 1900s, currency inflation developed in the United States as a result of a. the adoption of bimetallism b. the rapid growth of industrial production c. newly discovered gold deposits and mining techniques d. a change in tariff levels e. large amounts of funds being spent on relief for the poor
c. newly discovered gold deposits and mining techniques
The Platt Amendment, incorporated into the Cuban constitution, gave Cuba a. full independence b. economic independence c. nominal political independence d. an American colonial government e. an equal partnership with American interests
c. nominal political independence
The Farmers' Alliances had an intense dislike for all of the following groups in society except a. furnishing merchants b. large corporations c. politically active women d. financial institutions e. Northeastern banks
c. politically active women
The Populist ideology rejected the idea of a. dismantling monopolies and trusts b. saving capitalism and industrialization c. preserving a laissez-faire system of economics d. creating a graduated income tax e. subtreasury crop warehouses
c. preserving a laissez-faire system of economics
Throughout his adult life, William Jennings Bryan served as a powerful symbol of a. urban, Catholic, middleclass America b. urban, ethnic, working-class America c. rural, Protestant, middle-class America d. urban, Catholic, upper-class America e. rural, Protestant, upper-class America
c. rural, Protestant, middle-class America
In arguing for their policies, the new American expansionists of the late 1800s offered all of the following economic and social reasons except a. the United States would soon need to find new sources for the natural resources that it was rapidly using up b. the United States needed to acquire new overseas markets for its products c. the United States needed to find new sources of immigrants who would work in its factories for low wages d. the United States needed an aggressive foreign policy to take people's minds off internal problems and frustrations e. the United States needed to expand due to the "closing of the frontier"
c. the United States needed to find new sources of immigrants who would work in its factories for low wages
The Grange declined in power in the 1870s because of a. the defeat of the Southern Alliance and the rise of the Northwestern Alliance b. the decline in farm prices and the creation of the federal surplus warehouse c. the defeat of the Granger laws and the political inexperience of its leaders d. the decline in interstate rates and the effectiveness of the "subtreasury system" e. the rise of socialism in the South and West
c. the defeat of the Granger laws and the political inexperience of its leaders
The Pendleton Act of 1883 dealt with which of the following issues? a. the free coinage of silver b. the government's ability to control trusts c. the reform of the nation's civil service d. he protective tariff e. the government's ability to control railroad rates
c. the reform of the nation's civil service
William Jennings Bryan wanted the U.S. Senate to ratify the peace treaty with Spain because a. the United States would be able to build naval bases in the new territories b. he hoped to become governor of one of the territories c. the war would be over, and the Democrats could make Republican imperialism a campaign issue d. he believed that the inhabitants of the territories would be better off under U.S. protection e. the acquisition of sugar plantations would bolster the U.S. economy
c. the war would be over, and the Democrats could make Republican imperialism a campaign issue
The black soldiers who fought in the Spanish-American War faced all of the following problems except a. the U.S. Army kept them in segregated units b. the people of the South treated them poorly while the troops were training there c. they experienced difficulties in combat because most of them had never been under fire before d. the fully integrated Cuban rebel forces that they fought beside reinforced their sense of racial injustice e. strict segregation of facilities when the soldiers trained in the South
c. they experienced difficulties in combat because most of them had never been under fire before
In the political battles of the late 1800s, the Stalwarts and the Half-Breeds were a. groups who favored civil service reform b. the nicknames of the rival Republican and Democratic political machines c. two rival factions within the Republican party who fought over political patronage d. the nicknames of the conservative and liberal wings of the Democratic party e. opposing sides regarding the future of Reconstruction
c. two rival factions within the Republican party who fought over political patronage
Political party loyalties of the late 1800s tended to remain stable because a. economic issues divided the electorate into well-organized opposing groups B)voting participation was low and political change slow b. only one political party garnered any substantial support c. voting patterns were determined by vague cultural inclinations d. few significant economic or social changes took place, and thus few political issues developed
c. voting patterns were determined by vague cultural inclinations
The United States acquired the Hawaiian Islands as a result of all the following factors except a. American citizens developed a sugar industry in the islands b. the U.S. government built a naval station there c. Americans staged a revolution to depose the native rulers d. President Cleveland sent marines to ensure that nothing stopped annexation from taking place e. the domination of the Hawaiian economy by American settlers
d. President Cleveland sent marines to ensure that nothing stopped annexation from taking place
What was the purpose of the Open Door Notes? a. They sought to promote American economic interests in Latin America. b. They served as a warning to Great Britain against interference in the Western Hemisphere. c. They sought to divide Samoa among Germany, Great Britain, and the United States. d. They sought to allow the United States equal access to trade with China. e. They sought to provide the United States with territorial control of the Philippines.
d. They sought to allow the United States equal access to trade with China.
The Wilson-Gorman Tariff of 1894 was significant because it contained a. a large increase in the general tariff b. a moderate increase in the general tariff c. virtually no change in the general tariff d. a substantial decrease in the general tariff e. major concessions to supporters of tariff reduction
d. a substantial decrease in the general tariff
The first McKinley administration focused on an issue that most Republicans could agree on, and the result was a. international treaties on bimetallism b. a reduction in the income tax c. a large increase in the minting of silver coins d. an increase in the level of tariffs e. a decline in selling goods in foreign markets
d. an increase in the level of tariffs
The Pan-American Congress of 1889 resulted in the a. peaceful resolution of imperial claims in Cuba b. creation of an inter-American customs union c. establishment of arbitration procedures to resolve hemispheric disputes d. creation of an agency that distributed information to member American nations e. trade agreements that were mutually beneficial
d. creation of an agency that distributed information to member American nations
The U.S. war effort in Cuba suffered from all of the following problems except a. a shortage of modern rifles and ammunition b. heavy, cold-weather uniforms in a hot climate c. inadequate medicine and food d. lack of popular support e. poor racial relations in the U.S. Army
d. lack of popular support
The coining of silver stopped in 1873 because a. the mining of silver became prohibitively expensive b. silver reserves were nearly depleted c. Congress wanted to inflate the currency d. owners of silver were not interested in selling to the government e. the price of silver had greatly decreased
d. owners of silver were not interested in selling to the government
The election of 1884 was typical of national contests in the late 1800s because of its emphasis on a. public issues rather than personalities b. change rather than stability c. abilities rather than party loyalty d. personalities rather than policies e. capitalism and socialism
d. personalities rather than policies
Historians have offered all of the following positive interpretations of Populism except a. its members were victims of economic distress caused by drought and debt b. its members tried to offer a democratic alternative to the control of America by corporate capitalism c. the movement struggled to save agricultural America from the devouring jaws of industrial America d. the movement was the forerunner of the civil rights movement of fifty years later e. its brief success provided a critique of contemporary capitalism
d. the movement was the forerunner of the civil rights movement of fifty years later
One of the major problems that caused the Panic of 1893 was that a. farm prices were rising rapidly b. the banking system was under national control c. the segments of the economy were too independent of each other d. the railroads expanded too rapidly e. Grover Cleveland spent massively on social programs
d. the railroads expanded too rapidly
Free coinage of silver was supported by all of the following groups except a. silver-mine owners b. Southern farmers c. small farmers d. Western Democrats e. Eastern Republicans
e. Eastern Republicans
The United States was finally pushed into war with Spain by all of the following developments except a. the American press printed a private letter of the Spanish ambassador that insulted the U.S. president b. an American battleship blew up in the harbor of Havana, Cuba c. Spain refused to negotiate with the Cuban rebels d. Cubans living in America stirred up support for a war e. Spain ignored U.S. diplomatic requests in regard to Cuba
e. Spain ignored U.S. diplomatic requests in regard to Cuba
The assassination of James A. Garfield occurred as a result of the conflict between a. Catholics and Protestants b. natives and immigrants c. Northerners and Southerners d. urban areas and rural areas e. Stalwarts and Half-Breeds
e. Stalwarts and Half-Breeds
During the first McKinley administration, the country experienced a. an exhaustion of dissent b. a decline in labor unrest c. a major increase in farm prices d. a significant expansion of business activity e. all of the answers above
e. all of the answers above
. The Grange attempted to counteract economic hardships by its a. forming a third national political party b. demanding the destruction of the national bank c. establishing banks that would serve the needs of farmers d. persuading the federal government to lower the tariff on agricultural goods e. forming market cooperatives and attempting to curb the monopolistic practices of warehouses
e. forming market cooperatives and attempting to curb the monopolistic practices of warehouses
Because of the Republican passage of a high protective tariff in 1890, the next two national elections resulted in a. overwhelming victories for the Republicans b. close Republican victories c. disputed outcomes d. close losses to the Democrats e. substantial victories by the Democrats
e. substantial victories by the Democrats
In 1900, the nation that had the third largest naval force was a. Great Britain b. France c. Italy d. Germany e. the United States
e. the United States
Historians have offered all of the following negative interpretations of Populism except a. its members were socially rootless and geographically isolated b. its members were bigoted, ignorant, anti-Semitic, and anti-intellectual c. the movement failed to recruit members in urban, working-class areas d. the movement rested on a romanticized and obsolete vision of the role of farmers in America e. the movement created an extreme political atmosphere that led indirectly to the new imperialism
e. the movement created an extreme political atmosphere that led indirectly to the new imperialism
One of the primary beliefs of the Farmers' Alliances was that a. individual competition was the most efficient means of determining fair farm prices b. the ratio of gold and silver should be 18 to 1 c. the gold standard was essential to rural prosperity d. the railroads should be under state, not federal, control e. too much power was in the hands of a few corporations and financial institutions
e. too much power was in the hands of a few corporations and financial institutions
