Chapter 19 Mastering Questions

87 mm Hg

Calculate mean arterial pressure (MAP) if systolic blood pressure is 120 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure is 70 mm Hg. MAP = [(2 x diastolic)+systolic] / 3

capillaries

Gas and nutrient exchanges between the blood and tissues take place at the __________.

b. blood pressure

In the capillaries, hydrostatic pressure (HP) is exerted by __________. a. proteins in the blood b. blood pressure

sinusoidal capillaries

Leaky capillaries found in the bone marrow are called __________.

a. venous

Reabsorption of fluid into the capillary takes place at the arterial end or venous end of the capillary? a. venous b. arterial

elastic artery

The aorta is an example of a(n) __________.

a. proteins in the blood

The colloid osmotic pressure in the capillary is caused by __________. a. proteins in the blood b. blood pressure

b. capillary; interstitial fluid

The net hydrostatic pressure (HP) is the hydrostatic pressure in the __________ minus hydrostatic pressure in the __________. a. interstitial fluid; capillary b. capillary; interstitial fluid

True

True or false? Vasodilation will result in increased blood flow to a given tissue.

blood can still return via the deep veins

Varicose veins seen in the superficial veins of the legs are unsightly and often treated by surgically removing them. However, even without these veins being present, the return of all blood toward the heart from the legs is not diminished primarily because ______.

False

Veins carry only oxygen deficient blood. True or false?

arterioles

What blood vessel experiences the steepest drop in blood pressure?

elastic tissue

What type of tissue is found in the walls of the arteries but not in the walls of capillaries and venules?

false

When albumin levels in the blood are below normal, fluid absorption from the tissues into the bloodstream increases. True or False

pulmonary arteries

Which arteries carry deoxygenated blood?

continuous capillaries

Which capillaries are the most common in the body?

tunica intima

Which layer of the typical blood vessel is constructed from simple squamous epithelium?

tunica media

Which layer of the typical vessel can be regulated via vasoconstriction or vasodilation?

a. net osmotic pressure

Which net pressure draws fluid into the capillary? a. net osmotic pressure b. net hydrostatic pressure

c. total blood volume

Which of the following is NOT an important source of resistance to blood flow? a. vessel diameter b. blood viscosity c. total blood volume d. vessel length

d. renal mechanisms

Which of the following is involved in long-term blood pressure regulation? a. baroreceptors b. chemoreceptor reflexes c. higher brain center d. renal mechanisms

c. Fenestrated capillaries form the blood-brain barrier.

Which of the following is not true regarding fenestrated capillaries? a. Fenestrated capillaries in the small intestine receive nutrients from digested food. b. Fenestrated capillaries in endocrine organs allow hormones rapid entry into the blood. c. Fenestrated capillaries form the blood-brain barrier. d. Fenestrated capillaries are essential for filtration of blood plasma in the kidney.

d. Veins have valves; arteries do not.

Which of the following is true about veins? a. Veins carry blood away from the heart, while arteries carry blood to the heart. b. Veins are more muscular than arteries. c. Veins have a smaller diameter lumen than arteries. d. Veins have valves; arteries do not.

d. proteins

Which of the following would NOT move by diffusion across a capillary endothelium to or from the surrounding interstitial fluid and tissues? a. carbon dioxide b. oxygen c. lipid-soluble substances d. proteins

c. vascular shock

Which of the following would be a result of anaphylaxis (a systemic allergic reaction)? a. increased blood pressure b. hypovolemic shock c. vascular shock d. cardiogenic shock

a. anemia

Which of the following would decrease peripheral resistance to blood flow? a. anemia b. increasing blood vessel length c. atherosclerosis d. vasoconstriction

a. 34 mm Hg

Which of the following would reflect the typical net hydrostatic pressure (HP) at the arterial end of the capillary? a. 34 mm Hg b. 12 mm Hg c. 1 mm Hg

a. All carry blood away from the heart.

Which statement best describes arteries? a. All carry blood away from the heart. b. All contain valves to prevent the backflow of blood. c. All carry oxygenated blood to the heart. d. Only large arteries are lined with endothelium.

elastic artery

Which type of vessel contains elastin in all three tunics to allow the vessel to expand and recoil as the heart ejects blood?

pulmonary trunk

Which vessel leaves the right ventricle of the heart to take oxygen-poor, dark red blood into pulmonary circulation?

arteries

Which vessels carry blood away from the heart?

Because capillaries are fragile and extremely permeable

Why is it important that blood pressure drop to lower levels as it reaches the capillary beds?