Chapter 19 Mastering Questions
87 mm Hg
Calculate mean arterial pressure (MAP) if systolic blood pressure is 120 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure is 70 mm Hg. MAP = [(2 x diastolic)+systolic] / 3
capillaries
Gas and nutrient exchanges between the blood and tissues take place at the __________.
b. blood pressure
In the capillaries, hydrostatic pressure (HP) is exerted by __________. a. proteins in the blood b. blood pressure
sinusoidal capillaries
Leaky capillaries found in the bone marrow are called __________.
a. venous
Reabsorption of fluid into the capillary takes place at the arterial end or venous end of the capillary? a. venous b. arterial
elastic artery
The aorta is an example of a(n) __________.
a. proteins in the blood
The colloid osmotic pressure in the capillary is caused by __________. a. proteins in the blood b. blood pressure
b. capillary; interstitial fluid
The net hydrostatic pressure (HP) is the hydrostatic pressure in the __________ minus hydrostatic pressure in the __________. a. interstitial fluid; capillary b. capillary; interstitial fluid
True
True or false? Vasodilation will result in increased blood flow to a given tissue.
blood can still return via the deep veins
Varicose veins seen in the superficial veins of the legs are unsightly and often treated by surgically removing them. However, even without these veins being present, the return of all blood toward the heart from the legs is not diminished primarily because ______.
False
Veins carry only oxygen deficient blood. True or false?
arterioles
What blood vessel experiences the steepest drop in blood pressure?
elastic tissue
What type of tissue is found in the walls of the arteries but not in the walls of capillaries and venules?
false
When albumin levels in the blood are below normal, fluid absorption from the tissues into the bloodstream increases. True or False
pulmonary arteries
Which arteries carry deoxygenated blood?
continuous capillaries
Which capillaries are the most common in the body?
tunica intima
Which layer of the typical blood vessel is constructed from simple squamous epithelium?
tunica media
Which layer of the typical vessel can be regulated via vasoconstriction or vasodilation?
a. net osmotic pressure
Which net pressure draws fluid into the capillary? a. net osmotic pressure b. net hydrostatic pressure
c. total blood volume
Which of the following is NOT an important source of resistance to blood flow? a. vessel diameter b. blood viscosity c. total blood volume d. vessel length
d. renal mechanisms
Which of the following is involved in long-term blood pressure regulation? a. baroreceptors b. chemoreceptor reflexes c. higher brain center d. renal mechanisms
c. Fenestrated capillaries form the blood-brain barrier.
Which of the following is not true regarding fenestrated capillaries? a. Fenestrated capillaries in the small intestine receive nutrients from digested food. b. Fenestrated capillaries in endocrine organs allow hormones rapid entry into the blood. c. Fenestrated capillaries form the blood-brain barrier. d. Fenestrated capillaries are essential for filtration of blood plasma in the kidney.
d. Veins have valves; arteries do not.
Which of the following is true about veins? a. Veins carry blood away from the heart, while arteries carry blood to the heart. b. Veins are more muscular than arteries. c. Veins have a smaller diameter lumen than arteries. d. Veins have valves; arteries do not.
d. proteins
Which of the following would NOT move by diffusion across a capillary endothelium to or from the surrounding interstitial fluid and tissues? a. carbon dioxide b. oxygen c. lipid-soluble substances d. proteins
c. vascular shock
Which of the following would be a result of anaphylaxis (a systemic allergic reaction)? a. increased blood pressure b. hypovolemic shock c. vascular shock d. cardiogenic shock
a. anemia
Which of the following would decrease peripheral resistance to blood flow? a. anemia b. increasing blood vessel length c. atherosclerosis d. vasoconstriction
a. 34 mm Hg
Which of the following would reflect the typical net hydrostatic pressure (HP) at the arterial end of the capillary? a. 34 mm Hg b. 12 mm Hg c. 1 mm Hg
a. All carry blood away from the heart.
Which statement best describes arteries? a. All carry blood away from the heart. b. All contain valves to prevent the backflow of blood. c. All carry oxygenated blood to the heart. d. Only large arteries are lined with endothelium.
elastic artery
Which type of vessel contains elastin in all three tunics to allow the vessel to expand and recoil as the heart ejects blood?
pulmonary trunk
Which vessel leaves the right ventricle of the heart to take oxygen-poor, dark red blood into pulmonary circulation?
arteries
Which vessels carry blood away from the heart?
Because capillaries are fragile and extremely permeable
Why is it important that blood pressure drop to lower levels as it reaches the capillary beds?