Chapter 19 Pathophysiology NCLEX-Style Review Questions

A client presents with copious amounts of yellow-green drainage, conjunctival redness, and chemosis to the right eye. A culture of the eye drainage reveals S. pneumoniae. The client most likely developed: -Bacterial conjunctivitis -Viral conjunctivitis -Allergic conjunctivitis -Chronic conjunctivitis

Bacterial conjunctivitis

A client presents to the clinic complaining, "I have something in my eye." When questioned, the client admits to a scratching and burning sensation and light sensitivity. The health care provider suspects the client has developed: -Corneal edema -Retinal detachment -Conjunctivitis -Acute glaucoma

Conjunctivitis

A client reports being struck in the eye by flying debris falling off a building being demolished. Following fluorescein staining and use of biomicroscope, it is determined the eye has an injury to the Bowman membrane and stromal layer. Which explanation should the nurse provide to the client regarding the extent of this injury? -"Your eye will heal slower with scar formation that impairs the transmission of light to some extent." -"Since the stromal layer regenerates quickly, you should have no scarring." -"You might heal a little slower, but there is little to no danger of developing an infection." -"Since you got here quickly, you should have no lasting damage to the eye."

"Your eye will heal slower with scar formation that impairs the transmission of light to some extent."

A client reports sudden, acute left eye pain with blurred vision and a headache on the affected side. The client is most likely experiencing: -Acute angle-closure glaucoma -Subacute angle-closure glaucoma -Primary open-angle glaucoma -Acute-onset wide-angle glaucoma

Acute angle-closure glaucoma

A 42-year-old client reports increasing difficulty reading the labels on packages. He states that he has to continually hold it further and further away from his face in order to see the type clearly. Which eye disorder is this client most likely experiencing? -The normal decline in retinal function that occurs in adulthood. -The accumulated effects of ultraviolet light exposure. -An age-related change in accommodation. -Undiagnosed diabetic retinopathy.

An age-related change in accommodation.

A clent has damage to the epithelial layer of the cornea. Which are clinical manifestations that can occur with damage to the epithelial layer of the cornea? Select all that apply. -Foreign body sensation -Reflex lacrimation -Burning of the eyes -No pain

Foreign body sensation, Reflex lacrimation, Burning of the eyes

The nurse is conducting a community education class on amblyopia. The nurse determines that the participants understand the concepts when they identify which time period as the time when amblyopia is generally diagnosed? -Infancy -Young adulthood -After an eye injury -Adolescence

Infancy

The conjunctiva is extremely sensitive to irritation and inflammation. What are the common manifestations of a client with conjunctivitis? Select all that apply. -Itching -Blurred vision -Scratching or burning sensation -Foreign body sensation

Itching, Scratching or burning sensation, Foreign body sensation

The nurse is assessing a client who has been diagnosed with esotropia. The nurse would expect the assessment findings to include: -Lateral deviation -Downward deviation -Upward deviation -Medial deviation

Medial deviation

An older adult client comes to the clinic complaining of seeing flashing lights and small spots. The client tells the nurse that this has been going on for over 24 hours but now it is as if there is a dark curtain whenever the client opens the eyes. The client asks the nurse if this means that blindness is imminent. What diagnosis should the nurse suspect? -Retinal detachment -Glaucoma -Conjunctivitis -Cataracts

Retinal detachment

The nursing instructor is teaching a class on diabetes and discusses complications of the disease. The instructor further states that diabetic retinopathy is one of the leading causes of blindness. What does the instructor tell the students are major risk factors for developing diabetic retinopathy? Select all that apply. -Smoking -Chronic hyperglycemia -Hypertension -Hypotension -Chronic hypoglycemia

Smoking, Chronic hyperglycemia, Hypertension

The nurse discusses Botox injections as a treatment of which eye disorder? -Ptosis -Strabismus -Amblyopia -Eye tremor

Strabismus

The nurse is planning education for a client with arcus senilis. Which comments should the nurse include in this education? Select all that apply. -The edge of the cornea develops a grayish-white film. -It is vital to start treatment immediately. -It is associated with hyperlipidemia. -If left untreated, blindness can occur. -It is a common condition.

The edge of the cornea develops a grayish-white film., It is associated with hyperlipidemia., It is a common condition.

A parent brings the child to the clinic reporting inflammed eyes. Upon examination, the entire uveal tract is inflammed. The child recently was playing at the family barn and exposed to bird/bat droppings along with cat feces in the soil. Which parasite may be responsible for the child's assessment findings? Select all that apply. -Toxoplasmosis -Histoplasmosis -Herpes zoster -Staphylococcus aureus -Acanthamoeba keratitis

Toxoplasmosis, Histoplasmosis

The nurse is teaching a client about the treatment of open-angle glaucoma. The most appropriate information for the nurse to give the client would be: -to monitor vision for signs of closed-angle vision. -oral diuretics should be administered immediately. -administration of topical beta-adrenergic antagonists to lower the pressure. -laser peripheral iridotomy is performed immediately.

administration of topical beta-adrenergic antagonists to lower the pressure.

A client tells the health care provider he has noticed a recent change in his vision: he can bring distant images into focus, but near images become blurred. The client has most likely developed: -nearsightedness. -hyperopia. -astigmatism. -myopia.

hyperopia.

The ophthalmologist is performing a client's annual eye exam and notes an increase in intraocular pressure. The condition most likely is the result of: -a breakdown of cells in the macula lutea. -the development of degenerative cataracts. -damage to the retina leading to vision changes. -imbalance between aqueous production and outflow.

imbalance between aqueous production and outflow.

A client is apprehensive when the eye doctor tells the client to prepare for an 'injection' into the eye to treat the wet form of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Which medication should the nurse prepare for this procedure? -none since there are no FDA-approved injections into the eye to stop AMD -intravitreal injection of ranibizumab, a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody for VEGF -corticosteroid drugs -bevacizumab, a colorectal cancer treatment, used as an experimental, off-label drug for AMD

intravitreal injection of ranibizumab, a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody for VEGF

A client who experiences constant cloudiness of vision, sees floaters, and has an opaque lens is diagnosed with a cataract. The most appropriate treatment would be: -wearing bifocal lenses to strengthen vision. -daily application of pilocarpine eye drops. -patching the affected eye until vision returns. -surgical lens replacement to correct vision.

surgical lens replacement to correct vision.

A client presents with varicella predominately occuring from the top of the nose to the eyelid margins. Which further assessments correlate to the development of varicella-zoster ophthalmicus? Select all that apply. -bruising around the eyes, bilaterally -bulging of the eye orbit and drying of the cornea -tearing of the eye and photophobia -uveitis with elevated intraocular pressure of 32 mm Hg -eye pain and vesicular rash

tearing of the eye and photophobia, uveitis with elevated intraocular pressure of 32 mm Hg, eye pain and vesicular rash