Chapter 19 PrepU
Several substances act as neurotransmitters in the human body. Which is a neurotransmitter?
Acetylcholine
A nurse is preparing to assess a patient's cerebellar function. What would the nurse expect to test?
Balance
Which would a nurse identify as a component of the hindbrain?
Brain stem
A patient exhibiting an uncoordinated gait has presented at the clinic. The nurse knows that what brain structure has the function of balance and coordination?
Cerebellum
The carotids and the vertebrals deliver blood to which common vessel at the bottom of the brain?
Circle of Willis
Neurotransmission is important in the function of the central nervous system. Which is a characteristic of neurons that allows them to communicate with other cells?
Conductivity
A patient has sustained an injury to the cerebellum. Which area would be the primary area for assessment?
Coordination
Information has been received by a client's neuron and transmitted into the cell body. What component of the neurologic system performed this function?
Dendrite
Stimulation of a nerve results in:
Depolarization
What is responsible for carrying nerve impulses from the central nervous system to stimulate a muscle?
Efferent fibers
Dendrites route information away from the nerve cell while axons bring information to the nerve.
False
Which is the most primitive area of the brain and contains the brain stem?
Hindbrain
Which would be associated with the forebrain? (Select all that apply.)
Motor neurons Speech area
A client is diagnosed with a sleep disorder. Which neurotransmitter is most likely to be dysfunctional for this client?
Serotonin
After teaching a group of students about the functions of the nervous system, the instructor determines that the teaching was effective when the students identify that a function is:
control of body functions.
What client has suffered an injury to the forebrain?
A client whose cerebrum has an infarct from a stroke
The nurse is providing a continuing education program to teenagers about the nervous system. The nurse is reviewing the parts of the neuron with the students. Based on this information, the nurse asks a student to describe the axon of a neuron. Which explanation by the student best describes a synapse?
A junction or space between one neuron and dendrites of the next
A nurse is reviewing the structure and function of the blood--brain barrier . This anatomical feature would have the greatest effect on what aspect of nursing care?
Administering antibiotics to treat brain infections
The nurse is providing a continuing education program to teenagers about the nervous system. The nurse is reviewing the parts of the neuron with the students. Based on this information, the nurse asks a student to describe the axon of a neuron. Which explanation by the student best describes the axon?
Carries impulses away from the neuron cell body
What part of the brain controls and coordinates muscle movement?
Cerebellum
An elderly client arrives at a health care facility with reports of loss of sensation. The nurse understands that a change in which part of the brain is responsible for changes in the client's ability to perceive sensation?
Cerebral cortex
What best describes the blood-brain barrier?
Defensive mechanism
Which substance is required for brain cell metabolism?
Glucose
A 25-year-old young female client arrives at the community clinic reporting changes in her eating habits. She reports a sudden loss of appetite with no apparent reason. The nurse understands that which part of the brain could be responsible for the client's condition?
Hypothalamus
After teaching a group of students about major divisions of the brain, the instructor determines that additional teaching is needed when the students identify what as part of the hindbrain?
Hypothalamus
What would be found in the midbrain?
Hypothalamus
A 10-year-old child has been playing soccer and sustains a closed head injury in a collision with another player. The parent states that the child was unconscious for 5 minutes. Upon admission to the emergency department, the child has difficulty breathing. What area of the brain will have developed cerebral edema?
Medulla oblongata
A client has had an injury to the cerebellum. The nurse is collecting data from the client and family to document in preparing an individualized nursing care plan. Which is the best description of the function of the cerebellum that has to be considered when collecting data from the client?
Responsible for muscle control
A client is experiencing major depressive disorder. Which neurotransmitter is most likely implicated?
Serotonin
A nurse is reading an article about sleep and arousal that includes a discussion of a neurotransmitter. Which neurotransmitter would most likely be discussed?
Serotonin
When levels of serotonin are high in the RAS, the system shuts off and what occurs?
Sleep
GABA plays an important role in preventing overexcitability.
True
The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord.
True
After studying for a test on the brain and spinal cord, the students demonstrate understanding when they identify the spinal cord as being made up of how many pairs of nerves?
31
What occurs when the cell returns to the resting membrane potential?
Repolarization
What areas are mainly responsible for coordinating internal and external responses?
Thalamus and hypothalamus
The CNS structure containing groups of neurons responsible for vital cardiac, respiratory, and vasomotor functions is the:
medulla oblongata.
Which is an important function of serotonin?
Prevents depression
Norepinephrine is mainly:
an excitatory neurotransmitter that stimulates the brain to generalized increased activity.
A 46-year-old male client sustained a closed head injury four hours ago. He now presents to the emergency department because he is having difficulty breathing. This is a result of swelling around the:
medulla oblongata.
Characteristics that allow neurons to communicate with other body cells include:
the ability to be stimulated and to convey electrical impulses.
The anatomy and physiology instructor is talking about the nervous system. What would the instructor tell the students about the cerebrum? (Select all that apply.)
-It has a parietal lobe. -It has a frontal lobe. -It has a temporal lobe. -It has an occipital lobe.
What would a nurse identify as being responsible for carrying information from the nerve to the effector cell?
Axon
A client is brought to the emergency room following a motor vehicle accident in which the client sustained head trauma. The client reports blindness in the left eye. The nurse would be correct in documenting this abnormal finding as corresponding to which cerebral lobe?
Occipital
The nursing instructor is talking with their clinical group about the central nervous system. What should the instructor tell the students about the function of the spinal cord?
Serves as a conduit for impulses to and from the brain
The CNS structure involved in all higher order functions, including conscious processes containing both motor and sensory areas, is the:
cerebral cortex.
A comatose client is being cared for by a critical care nurse who documents that the client responds only to very painful stimuli by fragmentary, delayed reflex withdrawal. The nurse knows that reflexes in the body are centered in the:
spinal cord.