Chapter 2
Microbial growth in a liquid broth medium is indicated by
*color change *sediment *cloudiness
Which types of organisms are usually observed with light microscope
Bacteria
When a culture shows two or more microbes of uncertain identity that have been introduced into it, the culture is considered to be
Contaminated
Endospore stain
Differential stain
True or False: Bacteria are larger than human cells
False
A container that holds two or more identified, easily differentiated species of microbes is called a _____ culture
Mixed
Media that have a fairly gelatinous or clot-like consistency that allows microbiologists to observe mobility in some microorganisms are called _____ media
Semisolid
Media that have fairly gelatinous or clot-like consistency that allows microbiologists to observe motility in some microorganisms are called _____ media
Semisolid
Given the vast diversity of microbes in nature, _______ microbes can be cultured on artificial medium.
Some
Flagella stain
Special stain
Any procedure that applies colored chemicals to specimens is called
Staining
What general type of stain is used to separate types of bacteria based on their cellular structures
differential
Gram stain
differential stain
A fastidious organism must be grown on/in what type of medium
enriched medium
Methylene blue
simple stain
Heat fixing a sample in microscopy is used for
*Simultaneously killing and securing the sample to the slide. *Making a more permanent mount for long-term study. *Preserving various cellular components in a natural state.
Which three of the following are needed to prepare a hanging drop slide
*a coverslip *a depression slide *sealant
Which of the following may serve as the sources of a specimen for determining the cause of an infectious disease
*abscess *feces *blood
Select the elements necessary for good microscopy
*adequate magnification *contrast *resolution
Which of the following are required for proper isolation of microorganisms
*agar in a Petri dish *inoculation tools
What is involved in making a smear
*air drying a liquid application on a glass slide *spreading a thin film of suspended cells on a glass slide
Which of the following factors that affect the growth of microbes can be controlled by incubators
*atmospheric gas *temperature
Media ingredients that cannot be chemically defined include which of the following
*cell secretions *blood and serum *extracts of animals, plants, or yeasts
Which types of media contain at least one ingredient that is not chemically defined
*complex *blood agar *nonsynthetic
Media ingredients that cannot be chemically defined include which of the following
*extracts of animals, plants, and yeasts *blood and serum *cell secretions
Which of the following may serve as the sources of a specimen for determining the cause of an infectious disease?
*feces *blood *abscess
General purpose media
*include nutrient agar and broth *grow a broad spectrum of microbes *usually contain a mixture of nutrients *are usually non-synthetic
Biochemical, immunological, and genetic testing assist the microbiologist in ____________ so that a final ____________ can be made.
*information gathering *identification
Which of the following attributes make agar an ideal solidifying agent for culturing media
*it holds moisture and nutrients *it is solid at room temperature
Microbial media can be classified as which of the following physical states
*liquid *semisolid *solid
A hanging drop slide is used to assess which of the following
*motility *size of cells
The total power of magnification is calculated by the product of the separate powers of the _____ lens and the _____ lens
*objective *ocular
The total power of magnification of the final image is a product of the separate powers of which two microscope components
*objective lens *ocular lens
In Gram staining, purple cells are gram-_____, whereas cell that appear pink/red are gram-_____
*positive *negative
When ethanol is applied correctly, gram-positive cells appear ____ and gram-negative cells appear _____.
*purple *colorless
Sabouraud's agar restricts the growth of bacteria and is an example of a _____ medium, whereas Mannitol salt agar can determine which species ofStaphylococcus is present, making it an example of a _____ medium
*selective *differential
Microbial media can be classified as which of the following physical states
*semisolid *solid *liquid
The techniques used to prepare specimens for optical microscopy depend on
*the condition of the specimen *the type of microscopy available *the aims of the examiner
Evaluate the following statements, and select those that correctly apply to the properties of miscroscopes
*when observing specimens with 100x lens, adding a drop of oil to the slide will improve the resolving power; the image will be clear rather than blurry *Light rays with shorter wavelengths enhance the ability to resolve objects that are close together
A human squamous cell measures 75 micrometers (µm) in diameter. What is the size of this cell in millimeters (mm)?
0.075 mm
A virus that is 150 nm (nanometers) in diameter would be _______ μm (micrometers) in diameter.
0.150 um
A bacterial cell that measures 2.5 um (micrometers) would measure _____ nm (nanometers)
2,500 nm
A polysaccharide that acts as a solidifying agent in microbiological media is called
Agar
The polysaccharide found in a sea alga that is commonly used to prepare solid culture media is called
Agar
_____ makes a good solidifying agent for culturing medium because it is flexible and can hold moisture and nutrients while not acting as a nutrient for most microbes
Agar
After Gram's iodine is added, what color do the cells appear under a light microscope
All cells appear purple
General purpose media are characterized by
Allowing the growth of a broad range of microbes
After the Gram staining procedure, gram-positive cells appear
Blue/purple
This image shows the results of a Gram stain. The form of microscopy used to visualize the stain is ______ microscopy
Bright-field
Rod-shaped bacteria
Can be either gram-positive or gram-negative
Especially with bacteria and fungi, the most common manifestation fo growth on solid media is the appearance of
Colonies
A discrete mound of cells growing on a solid nutrient surface is termed a(n)
Colony
Which term describes a discrete mound of cells growing on a stolid nutrient surface
Colony
All of the following are properties used to classify media, except
Color
Media that contain at least one ingredient that is not chemically definable are called _____ or nonsynthetic
Complex
A culture that results when a microbe of uncertain identity has been introduced into it is called a(n) ______ culture
Contaminated
Which of the following media can be described precisely as to its chemical content
Defined
What type of medium contains blood, serum, or other special growth factors, and what type of bacterial growth is supported by this medium
Enriched; fastidious bacteria
The differential stage of the Gram stain is the application of
Ethanol
True or False. A defined medium differs from a complex medium in that the chemical composition of the defined medium cannot be precisely determined
False
True or False: "Inspection" begins the process using the Five I's procedure for culturing microorganisms
False
True or False: All bacteria can be classified as either gram-positive or gram-negative
False
True or False: Bacteria are only visible with an electron microscope
False
True or False: Isolation of colonies usually requires a large number of cells to be inoculated over an expansive area of media
False
True or False: Only diseased tissue may be used for culturing a clinical specimen to determine the cause of an infectious disease.
False
True or False: Selective media cannot be differential
False
True or False: The presence of flagella can be determined by a Gram stain
False
True or False: The thinner peptidoglycan layer of gram-positive bacteria allows the crystal-violet iodine complex to leave the cell
False
To simultaneously kill and secure a specimen to the glass slide, _____ ______ is used in smear preparation
Heat fixation
In which of the five I's would a microbiologist adjust the temperature and atmospheric gases in a culture environment
Incubation
Multiplication of an organism in a culture is promoted by
Incubation
Placing a culture in. A temperature controlled chamber to encourage multiplication is called
Incubation
Which of the following identifies the step in the Five I's of culturing microorganisms during which culture is placed in a controlled environment to encourage growth
Incubation
Which one of the Five I's involves placing an inoculated container of medium in a temperature-controlled chamber to encourage multiplication of the microbes?
Incubation
A temperature-controlled chamber that provides the proper temperature conditions for microbial multiplication in the culturing process is called
Incubator
Which one of the following is NOT part of the 5 basic techniques used to grow, examine and manipulate microorganisms in the laboratory (recall the Five I's)
Infection
Involves placing a sample into a container of fresh medium
Inoculation
The introduction of microorganisms into an environment in which they will multiply is called
Inoculation
Which term describes the introduction of microorganisms into an environment in which they will multiply?
Inoculation
Microbiologists use five basic techniques to manipulate, grow, examine,and characterize microorganisms in the laboratory:
Inoculation, incubation, isolation, inspection, and identification
Involves the observation of macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of microbes in samples
Inspection
_____ is part of the Five I's of culturing microorganisms and is based on visual observations of microscopic and macroscopic growth characteristics
Inspection
Pour plating, streak plating, and spread plating are ____________ methods for separating individual microbes from each other.
Isolation
The visualization of bacteria requires the use of a compound _____ microscope
Light
A wet mount is suitable for observing
Living, motile or non-motile cells
Selective and Differential
MacConkey agar
DNA detection technologies have shown that there are _____ microbes that we don't know how to cultivate in the lab than those we do
Many more
The physician has ordered that a urine culture be taken on a client. What is the most important information the nurse should know in order to complete the collection of this specimen?
Method of collection
If a culture contains tow or more identified, easily differentiated microbe species, it is called a _____ culture
Mixed
If the Gram's iodine step was skipped in Gram stain procedure, what color should the cells likely be when viewed under the microscope
Most cells would appear red/pink
General Purpose
Nutrient agar
For a light microscope, the lens that is normally located directly above the stage is called the _____ lens
Objective
Why must fresh cells be used when performing a Gram stain
Old cells may not Gram-stain properly
A specimen for _____ microscopy is generally prepared first by placing a sample on a glass slide
Optical or light
Liquid is one fo the ______ states which is used to classify microbial media
Physical
A properly used to classify media that refers to the medium's normal consistency is the
Physical state
A culture that contains only ONE species of microorganisms is called a(n) _____ culture
Pure
Which type of culture contains only a single known species or type of microorganism
Pure culture
Anaerobic
Reducing Media
Media with a firmness midway between that of a broth (liquid medium) and an ordinary solid medium are called _____ media.
Semisolid
The resolving power of election microscopes is much better than the resolving power of light microscopes because the wavelength of electron beams is _____ than the wavelength of visible light
Shorter
The procedure that involves applying colored chemicals (dyes) to specimens is called
Staining
The term used to describe a cluster of spherical bacteria is
Staphylococci
enriched foods
Thayer Martin (chocolate) agar
True or false: The aims of the examiner, such as whether to observe overall structure or to observe motility, influence the manner in which specimen is prepared for optical microscopy
True
Differential
Urea broth
Visualization of living, motile cells can be achieved using a(n) _____ mount
Wet
Choose the media categorization that includes enriched, selective, and differential media.
media categorized by its purpose
a specimen for optical microscopy is generally prepared first by:
mounting the sample on a glass slide
