Chapter 2

Microbial growth in a liquid broth medium is indicated by

*color change *sediment *cloudiness

Which types of organisms are usually observed with light microscope

Bacteria

When a culture shows two or more microbes of uncertain identity that have been introduced into it, the culture is considered to be

Contaminated

Endospore stain

Differential stain

True or False: Bacteria are larger than human cells

False

A container that holds two or more identified, easily differentiated species of microbes is called a _____ culture

Mixed

Media that have a fairly gelatinous or clot-like consistency that allows microbiologists to observe mobility in some microorganisms are called _____ media

Semisolid

Media that have fairly gelatinous or clot-like consistency that allows microbiologists to observe motility in some microorganisms are called _____ media

Semisolid

Given the vast diversity of microbes in nature, _______ microbes can be cultured on artificial medium.

Some

Flagella stain

Special stain

Any procedure that applies colored chemicals to specimens is called

Staining

What general type of stain is used to separate types of bacteria based on their cellular structures

differential

Gram stain

differential stain

A fastidious organism must be grown on/in what type of medium

enriched medium

Methylene blue

simple stain

Heat fixing a sample in microscopy is used for

*Simultaneously killing and securing the sample to the slide. *Making a more permanent mount for long-term study. *Preserving various cellular components in a natural state.

Which three of the following are needed to prepare a hanging drop slide

*a coverslip *a depression slide *sealant

Which of the following may serve as the sources of a specimen for determining the cause of an infectious disease

*abscess *feces *blood

Select the elements necessary for good microscopy

*adequate magnification *contrast *resolution

Which of the following are required for proper isolation of microorganisms

*agar in a Petri dish *inoculation tools

What is involved in making a smear

*air drying a liquid application on a glass slide *spreading a thin film of suspended cells on a glass slide

Which of the following factors that affect the growth of microbes can be controlled by incubators

*atmospheric gas *temperature

Media ingredients that cannot be chemically defined include which of the following

*cell secretions *blood and serum *extracts of animals, plants, or yeasts

Which types of media contain at least one ingredient that is not chemically defined

*complex *blood agar *nonsynthetic

Media ingredients that cannot be chemically defined include which of the following

*extracts of animals, plants, and yeasts *blood and serum *cell secretions

Which of the following may serve as the sources of a specimen for determining the cause of an infectious disease?

*feces *blood *abscess

General purpose media

*include nutrient agar and broth *grow a broad spectrum of microbes *usually contain a mixture of nutrients *are usually non-synthetic

Biochemical, immunological, and genetic testing assist the microbiologist in ____________ so that a final ____________ can be made.

*information gathering *identification

Which of the following attributes make agar an ideal solidifying agent for culturing media

*it holds moisture and nutrients *it is solid at room temperature

Microbial media can be classified as which of the following physical states

*liquid *semisolid *solid

A hanging drop slide is used to assess which of the following

*motility *size of cells

The total power of magnification is calculated by the product of the separate powers of the _____ lens and the _____ lens

*objective *ocular

The total power of magnification of the final image is a product of the separate powers of which two microscope components

*objective lens *ocular lens

In Gram staining, purple cells are gram-_____, whereas cell that appear pink/red are gram-_____

*positive *negative

When ethanol is applied correctly, gram-positive cells appear ____ and gram-negative cells appear _____.

*purple *colorless

Sabouraud's agar restricts the growth of bacteria and is an example of a _____ medium, whereas Mannitol salt agar can determine which species ofStaphylococcus is present, making it an example of a _____ medium

*selective *differential

Microbial media can be classified as which of the following physical states

*semisolid *solid *liquid

The techniques used to prepare specimens for optical microscopy depend on

*the condition of the specimen *the type of microscopy available *the aims of the examiner

Evaluate the following statements, and select those that correctly apply to the properties of miscroscopes

*when observing specimens with 100x lens, adding a drop of oil to the slide will improve the resolving power; the image will be clear rather than blurry *Light rays with shorter wavelengths enhance the ability to resolve objects that are close together

A human squamous cell measures 75 micrometers (µm) in diameter. What is the size of this cell in millimeters (mm)?

0.075 mm

A virus that is 150 nm (nanometers) in diameter would be _______ μm (micrometers) in diameter.

0.150 um

A bacterial cell that measures 2.5 um (micrometers) would measure _____ nm (nanometers)

2,500 nm

A polysaccharide that acts as a solidifying agent in microbiological media is called

Agar

The polysaccharide found in a sea alga that is commonly used to prepare solid culture media is called

Agar

_____ makes a good solidifying agent for culturing medium because it is flexible and can hold moisture and nutrients while not acting as a nutrient for most microbes

Agar

After Gram's iodine is added, what color do the cells appear under a light microscope

All cells appear purple

General purpose media are characterized by

Allowing the growth of a broad range of microbes

After the Gram staining procedure, gram-positive cells appear

Blue/purple

This image shows the results of a Gram stain. The form of microscopy used to visualize the stain is ______ microscopy

Bright-field

Rod-shaped bacteria

Can be either gram-positive or gram-negative

Especially with bacteria and fungi, the most common manifestation fo growth on solid media is the appearance of

Colonies

A discrete mound of cells growing on a solid nutrient surface is termed a(n)

Colony

Which term describes a discrete mound of cells growing on a stolid nutrient surface

Colony

All of the following are properties used to classify media, except

Color

Media that contain at least one ingredient that is not chemically definable are called _____ or nonsynthetic

Complex

A culture that results when a microbe of uncertain identity has been introduced into it is called a(n) ______ culture

Contaminated

Which of the following media can be described precisely as to its chemical content

Defined

What type of medium contains blood, serum, or other special growth factors, and what type of bacterial growth is supported by this medium

Enriched; fastidious bacteria

The differential stage of the Gram stain is the application of

Ethanol

True or False. A defined medium differs from a complex medium in that the chemical composition of the defined medium cannot be precisely determined

False

True or False: "Inspection" begins the process using the Five I's procedure for culturing microorganisms

False

True or False: All bacteria can be classified as either gram-positive or gram-negative

False

True or False: Bacteria are only visible with an electron microscope

False

True or False: Isolation of colonies usually requires a large number of cells to be inoculated over an expansive area of media

False

True or False: Only diseased tissue may be used for culturing a clinical specimen to determine the cause of an infectious disease.

False

True or False: Selective media cannot be differential

False

True or False: The presence of flagella can be determined by a Gram stain

False

True or False: The thinner peptidoglycan layer of gram-positive bacteria allows the crystal-violet iodine complex to leave the cell

False

To simultaneously kill and secure a specimen to the glass slide, _____ ______ is used in smear preparation

Heat fixation

In which of the five I's would a microbiologist adjust the temperature and atmospheric gases in a culture environment

Incubation

Multiplication of an organism in a culture is promoted by

Incubation

Placing a culture in. A temperature controlled chamber to encourage multiplication is called

Incubation

Which of the following identifies the step in the Five I's of culturing microorganisms during which culture is placed in a controlled environment to encourage growth

Incubation

Which one of the Five I's involves placing an inoculated container of medium in a temperature-controlled chamber to encourage multiplication of the microbes?

Incubation

A temperature-controlled chamber that provides the proper temperature conditions for microbial multiplication in the culturing process is called

Incubator

Which one of the following is NOT part of the 5 basic techniques used to grow, examine and manipulate microorganisms in the laboratory (recall the Five I's)

Infection

Involves placing a sample into a container of fresh medium

Inoculation

The introduction of microorganisms into an environment in which they will multiply is called

Inoculation

Which term describes the introduction of microorganisms into an environment in which they will multiply?

Inoculation

Microbiologists use five basic techniques to manipulate, grow, examine,and characterize microorganisms in the laboratory:

Inoculation, incubation, isolation, inspection, and identification

Involves the observation of macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of microbes in samples

Inspection

_____ is part of the Five I's of culturing microorganisms and is based on visual observations of microscopic and macroscopic growth characteristics

Inspection

Pour plating, streak plating, and spread plating are ____________ methods for separating individual microbes from each other.

Isolation

The visualization of bacteria requires the use of a compound _____ microscope

Light

A wet mount is suitable for observing

Living, motile or non-motile cells

Selective and Differential

MacConkey agar

DNA detection technologies have shown that there are _____ microbes that we don't know how to cultivate in the lab than those we do

Many more

The physician has ordered that a urine culture be taken on a client. What is the most important information the nurse should know in order to complete the collection of this specimen?

Method of collection

If a culture contains tow or more identified, easily differentiated microbe species, it is called a _____ culture

Mixed

If the Gram's iodine step was skipped in Gram stain procedure, what color should the cells likely be when viewed under the microscope

Most cells would appear red/pink

General Purpose

Nutrient agar

For a light microscope, the lens that is normally located directly above the stage is called the _____ lens

Objective

Why must fresh cells be used when performing a Gram stain

Old cells may not Gram-stain properly

A specimen for _____ microscopy is generally prepared first by placing a sample on a glass slide

Optical or light

Liquid is one fo the ______ states which is used to classify microbial media

Physical

A properly used to classify media that refers to the medium's normal consistency is the

Physical state

A culture that contains only ONE species of microorganisms is called a(n) _____ culture

Pure

Which type of culture contains only a single known species or type of microorganism

Pure culture

Anaerobic

Reducing Media

Media with a firmness midway between that of a broth (liquid medium) and an ordinary solid medium are called _____ media.

Semisolid

The resolving power of election microscopes is much better than the resolving power of light microscopes because the wavelength of electron beams is _____ than the wavelength of visible light

Shorter

The procedure that involves applying colored chemicals (dyes) to specimens is called

Staining

The term used to describe a cluster of spherical bacteria is

Staphylococci

enriched foods

Thayer Martin (chocolate) agar

True or false: The aims of the examiner, such as whether to observe overall structure or to observe motility, influence the manner in which specimen is prepared for optical microscopy

True

Differential

Urea broth

Visualization of living, motile cells can be achieved using a(n) _____ mount

Wet

Choose the media categorization that includes enriched, selective, and differential media.

media categorized by its purpose

a specimen for optical microscopy is generally prepared first by:

mounting the sample on a glass slide