Chapter 2
Shayla told the marketing team that their efforts would have to be adaptable to an emerging culture in India where more people were looking for products based on their social standing rather than economy. Which cultural value is Shayla concerned with? Wealth Risk taking Dynamic Hygiene
Wealth
verbal communication systems
(languages) are immediately obvious to anyone entering a foreign culture
What four things must be considered when a company is analyzing how it will communicate about a product in a foreign market? Available media and who uses each type Verbal and nonverbal communication used in the culture Values associated with product and its use The needs the product fills Legal regulations regarding distribution efforts Consumers who can afford the product
Available media and who uses each type Verbal and nonverbal communication used in the culture Values associated with product and its use The needs the product fills
Match the cultural concepts (in the left column) to their definitions (in the right column). Cultural values - norms- sanctions rules that specify or prohibit certain behavior in specific situation widely held beliefs that affirm what is desirable in a culture Penalties for the violation of cultural norms
Cultural values - widely held beliefs that affirm what is desirable in a culture norms-rules that specify or prohibit certain behavior in specific situation sanctions- Penalties for the violation of cultural norms
Home Tools Inc. is considering expansion efforts into South America. What two things should their initial demographic analysis reveal to indicate if they should continue pursuing this idea? Number of households that need the products Available media sources to advertise the products Number of people who can afford the products Number of local manufacturing facilities to produce the products
Number of households that need the products Number of people who can afford the products
polychronic time perspective
People and relationships take priority over schedules, and activities occur at their own pace rather than according to a predetermined timetable.
Clean-Rite Corp.'s marketing team was frustrated when the new line of time-saving cleaning products failed dramatically. Which cultural perspective of time would have responded to these products negatively? Polychronic Monochronic
Polychronic
The marketing team at USA Uniforms Inc. decided it would be inappropriate to include a clergyman in their promotion since their audience members might be offended. Which dichotomy of cultural values is affecting their choice? Religious/secular Active/passive Performance/status Risk taking/security
Religious/secular
What is an accurate description of symbols? People have an innate ability to accurately interpret symbols. People usually communicate using symbols when there are language barriers, as they always mean the same thing. Symbols like numbers, creatures, music, colors, and shapes have different interpretations across cultures. Symbols have universal meanings.
Symbols like numbers, creatures, music, colors, and shapes have different interpretations across cultures.
Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)
average or median income to evaluate markets
monochronic time perspective
believing that a person does one thing at a time, we have a strong orientation toward the present and the short-term future
A society that gives incentives and prestige to groups is most likely to value the other-oriented cultural value of commercialism. individualism. collectivism. relativism.
collectivism.
Demographics
describe a population in terms of its size, structure, and distribution
The _____ dichotomy is a set of cultural values that determine the extent to which a culture is accepting of a variety of religions, ethnicities, political stances, and various other subcultures. diversity/uniformity sensual gratification/abstinence religiosity/secularism tradition/change
diversity/uniformity
The _____ dichotomy is a set of other-oriented cultural values that describes whether a culture values individual initiative or group conformity. competitive/cooperative tradition/change youth/age individual/collective
individual/collective`
personal space
it is the nearest that others can come to you in various situations without your feeling uncomfortable
Glocalization
marketing strategy may be global but the implementation and tactics should be local
cultural values
widely held beliefs that affirm what is desirable
Match the types of time perspectives across cultures (in the left column) to their corresponding descriptions (in the right column). monochronic time perspective- Polychronic time perspective- Cultures with this perspective view time as fixed in nature, inescapable, and linear, and they often compare its nature to that of a physical object. Cultures with this perspective view time as fixed in nature, inescapable, and linear, and they often compare its nature to that of a physical object.
monochronic time perspective-Cultures with this perspective view time as fixed in nature, inescapable, and linear, and they often compare its nature to that of a physical object. Polychronic time perspective- Cultures with this perspective view time as fixed in nature, inescapable, and linear, and they often compare its nature to that of a physical object.
sanctions
penalties ranging from mild social disapproval to banishment from the group
Guanxi
personal connections/relationships on which an individual can draw to secure resources or advantages when doing business as well as in the course of social life
environment-oriented values
prescribe a society's relationship to its economic and technical as well as its physical environment
other-oriented values
reflect a society's view of the appropriate relationships between individuals and groups within that society
self-oriented values
reflect the objectives and approaches to life that the individual members of society find desirable
Etiquette
represents generally accepted ways of behaving in social situations
The _____ dichotomy is a set of environment-oriented cultural values that determines whether a culture appreciates or considers reckless the people who endanger their status or wealth on a new venture. risk taking/security hard work/leisure religious/secular competitive/cooperative
risk taking/security
norms
rules that specify or prohibit certain behaviors in specific situations
Terminal materialism
the acquisition of items for the sake of owning the item itself
instrumental materialism
the acquisitions of things to enable one to do something
Nonberbal communication systems
the arbitrary meaning a culture assigns actions, events, and things other than words
Culture
the complex whole that includes knowledge, belief,art, law, morals, customs, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by humans as members of society
power distance
the degree to which people accept inequality in power, authority, status, and wealth as natural or inherent in society
distribution
the physical location of individuals in terms of geographic region and rural, suburban, and urban location
structure
the society in terms of age, income, education, and occupation