Chapter 2
Noise levels are measured in units called ______.
Decibels (dBA)
How should you dress when operating machinery in a graphic communications facility?
Don't wear jewelry. Wear appropriate ear and foot protection, an apron when necessary.
What are three chemical agents commonly found in graphic communications facilities.
Gases, fumes, and dust
The purpose of a safety and health program is to recognize, evaluate, and control potential ______ in the workplace.
Hazards
When washing rollers or cleaning the blankets of a press, what press operating method should be used?
Inch safe service
A(n)_____ holds an energy isolating device in the safe position to prevent the machine from energizing
Lockout devices
What condition exists where two cylinders meet or come close to one another?
Nip points
What are the 4 types of hazards of the graphic communications industry?
- mechanical nature - chemical nature - flammable nature - electrical nature
What are inks, blanket wash, fountain solutions, and plate cleaner's examples of? A. Inorganic solutions. B. Organic solvents. C. Tetrachlorides. D. Benzenes.
B. Organic solvents
A hinged or movable device that will automatically stop the machine when it is moved is called a(n)______.
Barrier guard
A(n)____ guard is a hinged or movable device that keeps the operator out of the operation area.
Barrier guard
When lifting an object, keep your knees ______ and your back _____.
Bent/straight
When compressed air is used for an acceptable purpose, nozzle pressure should not exceed ___ psi. A. 20 B. 25 C. 30 D. 40
C. 30
______ is the science of fitting the job to the worker.
Ergonomics
Information related to chemicals, such as flammability and reactivity data, medical/health hazards, and spill procedures, is provided on _____.
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
What does OSHA stand for?
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
When working on a piece of equipment, make sure the power is _____ at the main ____.
Off, switch
What are four categories commonly used to classify chemicals and chemical agents in the graphic communications industry?
Organic solvents, Platemaking chemicals, Ink mists, and Gases, fumes, and dust
What are five typical forms of waste in the commercial printing industry?
Paper, photochemical solutions and films, inks and ink-contaminated solvents, equipment cleaning wastes (solvents, dirty rags, filters, and absorbents), and lubricating fluids from machinery.
Name six personal protective devices that are used for working with chemicals.
Safety glasses, face shields, plastic or rubber gloves, respirators, boots, and full safety suits.
Proper _____ is imperative in areas where vapors and particulate matter are generated.
Ventilation
A fine spray of ink caused by the rapid rotation of press rollers is called a (n) ___.
ink mist
What are VOCs and why are they dangerous?
is a toxic substances contained in blanket and roller washes, fountain solutions, plate cleaners, glaze removers, degreasers, and film cleaners. They are dangerous because they can pass into the air and get into the worker's lungs, get on their skin and even their eyes.
How can you help maintain a straight back when lifting a heavy object?
keep your head up and look straight ahead.
Name two materials that are commonly used to make machine guards.
metal and plastic
Unwanted loud sound is called
noise
When someone is working on a press, the power must be turned ____.
off
Clothing or equipment worn for protection from potential bodily injury associated with chemical use or machine operation.
personal protective devices
The recirculating silver ____ maintains low silver levels in the fixer tank during image processing and minimizes the amount of silver carried over into the wash tank.
recovery unit
What are five typical rotating mechanisms.
spindles, flywheels, horizontal or vertical shafts, cams, and collars.
List four types of rotating mechanisms that pose a danger to an operator.
spinning rollers, rotating chains and sprockets, turning gears, and rotating belts
Machine guarding protects the operator from hazards posed by what four types of machine action?
spinning rollers, rotating chains and sprockets, turning gears, and rotating belts.
Ignition by rapid oxidation without an external heat source.
spontaneous combustion
A prominent warning device securely fastened to an energy isolating device, to indicate that electrical power is off and must remain off until the tag is removed.
tagout device
A poisonous substance
toxic substance
What does VOCs stand for?
volatile organic compounds
Rags that have been used to wipe up ink or solvent must be stored in an approved and covered metal ____.
waste can
The solid, liquid, or contained gaseous material that is produced and disposed of, incinerated, or recycled by a facility.
waste stream
List eight precautions to follow when working with chemicals that produce harmful solvent vapors.
• Do not attempt to identify a solvent by sniffing it. • Keep lids and covers on cans and drums. • Do not use large quantities of solvents in one area. • Clean up spills immediately. • Know the proper handling, cleanup, and disposal procedures for the chemical you are using. • Place soiled rags in an approved safety can, keeping its lid closed. • Ventilate the work area as needed. • Wash your hands before eating.
What are four primary steps shared by the lithographic, gravure, flexographic, letterpress, and screen printing processes?
• Image processing. • Production of the image carrier. • Printing. • Finishing
What are eight precautions commonly followed to reduce the risk of fire?
• Pick up dust using a vacuum cleaner; do not blow dust with an air hose. • Report leaking solvent containers. • Wipe up solvent and oil spills. • Always use a spouted safety can when transferring small amounts of solvent. Make sure flame arrestors in safety cans are intact. • In solvent-transfer operations, properly ground and bond equipment to prevent sparking. • Do not dump solvents into drains; store and dispose of them in compliance with state and local environmental protection standards. • Watch for potential sources of fire, such as an overflowing safety container, dust buildup on equipment, and open chemical containers. • No smoking! Inks, solutions, chemicals, paper, paper dust, and other substances all pose a serious fire hazard
List seven factors to consider when operating a press.
1.Never turn on a press unless you are sure all tools have been removed from it and all mechanisms have been set correctly. 2. Make sure no one is near the press before starting the equipment. 4.Check to make sure all press guards are in place. 5.Keep your hands clear of the press when it is running. 6.Do not try to grab paper, lubricate parts, or do anything that places your hands near the rollers and nip points while the press is running. 7.Have an assistant present whenever you are cleaning or running a press. If you were to get caught in the machinery, the assistant could turn off the press.
Standard solvent-based washes can contain up to 100% VOC, while vegetable ester washes contain ____ % VOCs.
12% to 30%
A dBA reading of _____ is the maximum allowable limit for an eight-hour day without ear protection.
90 dBA
Reciprocating and rotating motions on machinery create hazards in which two areas?
At the point of operation and at the points where power or motion is being transmitted from one part to another.
What is the purpose of a workplace safety and health program?
The purpose of such a program is to recognize, evaluate, and control potential hazards in the workplace.
Why are machine guards necessary?
To protect parts of the human body from being electrocuted, cut, squashed, or hit by flying fragments. Guards also protect the equipment from foreign objects.
Why are UV-cured inks less harmful to the environment than solvent-based inks?
UV-cured inks contain no solvent and dry by exposure to ultraviolet light.
Where are the nip points located on a cylinder press?
Where two rollers come together
What is a Material Safety Data Sheet?
a data sheet that has the chemicals names, and address or phone number of the manufacture.