chapter 2 A and P
In the reaction listed below, what coefficient needs to be added to balance the equation? 6 CO2 + 6 H2O → C6H12O6 + ________ O2
6
Which of the following is/are needed to form a triglyceride molecule
) 3 fatty acid molecules and 1 glycerol molecule
A nucleotide consists of
) a five-carbon sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group.
fructose
) a hexose. an isomer of glucose. found in male reproductive fluids. a carbohydrate.
All of the following are true concerning enzymes,
) are proteins. B) function as biological catalysts. C) lower the activation energy required for a reaction. D) affect only the rate of a chemical reaction
A functional group is best described as reoccurring clusters of
) atoms that greatly influence the chemical properties of molecules they are part of.
symbol of amino group
-NH2
During ionization, water molecules disrupt the ionic bonds of a salt to produce a mixture of ions. These ions can carry a current and so are called
ELECTROLYTES
when elements have atoms with full outer shells of electrons
are inert gases
The group of organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a near 1:2:1 ratio is defined as a
carbohyrdrate
Glycoproteins and proteoglycans are combinations of amino acids and
carbohyrdrates
by weight which element is the second most abundant in the human body
carbon
chemical reactions that yield energy, such as heat are said to
exergonic
which element has only a proton as its nucleus
hydrogen
dehydration syntesis reactions,compunds
lose water molecules
) An excess of hydrogen ions in the body fluids can have fatal results because this can
neutral
isotopes of an element differ in the number of
neutrons in the nucleus
radioisotopes have unstable
nuclei
) Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins are classified as
organic molecule
lipids that are produces by nearly every tissue in the body and act as a local regulators are the
prostaglandins
the mass number represents the number of
protons +neutrons
atomic weight of an atom reflects the average number of
protons +neutrons+electrons
mass of an atom is determined by
protons and neutrons
atomic number represents
protons in an atom
the nucleus of an atom consists of
protons+neutrons
Interaction between individual polypeptide chains to form a protein complex is ________ structure.
quaternary
A fatty acid with no double bonds between carbon atoms is
saturated
The alpha-helix and pleated sheet are examples of ________ protein structure.
secondary
contains only trace elements
silicon,fluorine and tin
atoms
smallest stable unit of matter
The term ________ means each enzyme catalyzes only one type of reaction.
specificity
Which of the following substances would be most acidic?
stomach secretions ph1
When placed in water, an inorganic compound dissociates 99 percent, forming hydrogen ions and anions. This compound would be
strong acid
Cholesterol, phospholipids, and glycolipids are examples of
structural lipds
example or an organic molecule is
surcrose
dust particle floating on a water surface illustrates
surface tension
AB → A + B is to decomposition as A + B → AB is to
synthesis
48) The reaction N2 + 3 H2 → 2 NH3 is an example of a(n)
synthesis recaction
inorganic compunds are
water, acids, bases and salts
hydrophillic molecules associates
water molecules
The reaction A + B + energy → AB is an example of a(n)
endergonic reaction
, the pH of the least acidic solution is
12.0
You would expect a peptide bond to link
2 amino acids
innermost electron shell in an atom holds up to
2electrons
A shortage of steroids in the body would result in a shortage of
A shortage of steroids in the body would result in a shortage of
When a small amount of HCl or NaOH is added to a solution of Na2HPO4, the pH of the solution barely changes. Based on these observations, all of the following are true concerning the compound Na2HPO4, except
A) Na2HPO4 is able to accept extra hydrogen ions from the HCl. B) Na2HPO4 is able to donate hydrogen ions to the OH- from NaOH. C) Na2HPO4 adsorbs excess H+ and OH- directly onto the surface of its crystalline structure. D) Na2HPO4 is a salt formed from reacting a strong base with a weak acid. E) Na2HPO4 acts as a buffer. Answer: C
CO2 IS KNOWN AS
CARBON DIOXIDE
CA2 means
Calcium atoms that has lost 2 electrons
According to the rules of complementary base pairing in nucleic acids, cytosine would pair with the base
GUANINE
identify which of the following is both an anion and a compund
HCO3-
Oppositely charged ions in solution are prevented from combining by
HYDRATION SPEARS
NONPOLAR ORGANIC MOLECULES ARE GOOD EXAMPLES OF
HYDROPHOBIC COMPOUNDS
EXAMPLE OF ORGANIC SUBSTANCE IS
LIPID NUCLEIC ACID AND PROTEIN
element NO IS KNOWN AS
NITRIC OXIDE
Molecules that store and process genetic information are the
NUCLEIC ACIDS
An amino acid is to a protein as ________ is to a nucleic acid.
NUCLEOTIDE
An important buffer in body fluids is
NaHCO3.
How would the lack of a cofactor for an enzyme affect that enzyme's function?
The enzyme would not be able to function.
side chain of amino acids are called
R group
MAXIMUM RATE OF AN ENZYME REACTION OCCURS AT
SATURATION LIMIT
Substrate molecules bind to enzymes at the ________ sites.
active
If a substance has a pH that is greater than 7, it is
alkaline
monomers of protein are called
amino acids
in a aqueous solution cations are attracted to
anions
carbohydrates molecules
are the bodys most readily available source of energy
protons
atomic number of an atom is determined by the number of _______it has.
ions in an ionic molecule are held together due to
attraction of opposite electrical charges
(n) ________ removes hydrogen ions and a(n) ________ releases hydrogen ions.
base ,acid
inoraganic compounds can serve as
buffers
hydrogen bonds
can occur within a single molecule can form between neighboring molecules holds larger molecules together responsible for many properties of water
in an ionic bond the electron donor is ____,whereas the electron acceptor is
cation, anion
h20 is an example of an
compound
when atoms complete their outer electron shell by sharing electrons they form
covalent bonds
When two monosaccharides undergo a dehydration synthesis
dissacharide is formed
lipids
form essential structural components of cells. B) provide a significant energy reserve. C) help to maintain body temperature. D) cushion organs against shocks.
ionic bonds
formed when electrons are completely transferred from on atom to another
important metabolic fuel molecule in the body is
glucose
lipids are composed of fatty acids and..
glycerol
A polysaccharide that is formed in liver and muscle cells to store glucose is
glycogen
one mole of any element
has the same number of atoms
weak bonds are
hydrogen bonds
when an electron is transferred from one atom to another , and the two atoms unite as a result of the opposite charges
ionic bond is formed
Molecules that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas are called
isomers
Compounds that can be synthesized or broken down by chemical reactions inside the body are called
metabolites
) Each amino acid differs from another in the
nature of the side chain
chemical behavior of an atom is determined by
outermost electron shell
O2 IS KNOWN AS
oxygen
by weight which element is the most plentiful in the human body
oxygen
polar covalent bond
pair of electrons is unequally shared
Which pH of the following is the most acidic?
ph 1
Which has the greater concentration of hydrogen ions, a substance with a pH of 5 or a substance with a pH of 4?
ph of 4 is greater
which ph is least acidic
ph1
A fatty acid that contains two or more double covalent bonds is said to be
polyunsaturated
Cation
positive charges
To bond two monomers together, a molecule of water must be ________ to/from from monomers. This process is called ________.
removed; dehydration synthesis
Which one of the following statements is not correct about the reaction H2 + Cl2 → 2 HCl
the reaction is easily reversible
hydrolysis reaction ,compunds react with
water causing decomposition
most of the fat found in human body is the form of
triglycerides
artificial sweetners are
usually notbroken down by the body
example of inorganic substance
water and carbon dioxide
