chapter 2 A and P

In the reaction listed below, what coefficient needs to be added to balance the equation? 6 CO2 + 6 H2O → C6H12O6 + ________ O2

6

Which of the following is/are needed to form a triglyceride molecule

) 3 fatty acid molecules and 1 glycerol molecule

A nucleotide consists of

) a five-carbon sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group.

fructose

) a hexose. an isomer of glucose. found in male reproductive fluids. a carbohydrate.

All of the following are true concerning enzymes,

) are proteins. B) function as biological catalysts. C) lower the activation energy required for a reaction. D) affect only the rate of a chemical reaction

A functional group is best described as reoccurring clusters of

) atoms that greatly influence the chemical properties of molecules they are part of.

symbol of amino group

-NH2

During ionization, water molecules disrupt the ionic bonds of a salt to produce a mixture of ions. These ions can carry a current and so are called

ELECTROLYTES

when elements have atoms with full outer shells of electrons

are inert gases

The group of organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a near 1:2:1 ratio is defined as a

carbohyrdrate

Glycoproteins and proteoglycans are combinations of amino acids and

carbohyrdrates

by weight which element is the second most abundant in the human body

carbon

chemical reactions that yield energy, such as heat are said to

exergonic

which element has only a proton as its nucleus

hydrogen

dehydration syntesis reactions,compunds

lose water molecules

) An excess of hydrogen ions in the body fluids can have fatal results because this can

neutral

isotopes of an element differ in the number of

neutrons in the nucleus

radioisotopes have unstable

nuclei

) Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins are classified as

organic molecule

lipids that are produces by nearly every tissue in the body and act as a local regulators are the

prostaglandins

the mass number represents the number of

protons +neutrons

atomic weight of an atom reflects the average number of

protons +neutrons+electrons

mass of an atom is determined by

protons and neutrons

atomic number represents

protons in an atom

the nucleus of an atom consists of

protons+neutrons

Interaction between individual polypeptide chains to form a protein complex is ________ structure.

quaternary

A fatty acid with no double bonds between carbon atoms is

saturated

The alpha-helix and pleated sheet are examples of ________ protein structure.

secondary

contains only trace elements

silicon,fluorine and tin

atoms

smallest stable unit of matter

The term ________ means each enzyme catalyzes only one type of reaction.

specificity

Which of the following substances would be most acidic?

stomach secretions ph1

When placed in water, an inorganic compound dissociates 99 percent, forming hydrogen ions and anions. This compound would be

strong acid

Cholesterol, phospholipids, and glycolipids are examples of

structural lipds

example or an organic molecule is

surcrose

dust particle floating on a water surface illustrates

surface tension

AB → A + B is to decomposition as A + B → AB is to

synthesis

48) The reaction N2 + 3 H2 → 2 NH3 is an example of a(n)

synthesis recaction

inorganic compunds are

water, acids, bases and salts

hydrophillic molecules associates

water molecules

The reaction A + B + energy → AB is an example of a(n)

endergonic reaction

, the pH of the least acidic solution is

12.0

You would expect a peptide bond to link

2 amino acids

innermost electron shell in an atom holds up to

2electrons

A shortage of steroids in the body would result in a shortage of

A shortage of steroids in the body would result in a shortage of

When a small amount of HCl or NaOH is added to a solution of Na2HPO4, the pH of the solution barely changes. Based on these observations, all of the following are true concerning the compound Na2HPO4, except

A) Na2HPO4 is able to accept extra hydrogen ions from the HCl. B) Na2HPO4 is able to donate hydrogen ions to the OH- from NaOH. C) Na2HPO4 adsorbs excess H+ and OH- directly onto the surface of its crystalline structure. D) Na2HPO4 is a salt formed from reacting a strong base with a weak acid. E) Na2HPO4 acts as a buffer. Answer: C

CO2 IS KNOWN AS

CARBON DIOXIDE

CA2 means

Calcium atoms that has lost 2 electrons

According to the rules of complementary base pairing in nucleic acids, cytosine would pair with the base

GUANINE

identify which of the following is both an anion and a compund

HCO3-

Oppositely charged ions in solution are prevented from combining by

HYDRATION SPEARS

NONPOLAR ORGANIC MOLECULES ARE GOOD EXAMPLES OF

HYDROPHOBIC COMPOUNDS

EXAMPLE OF ORGANIC SUBSTANCE IS

LIPID NUCLEIC ACID AND PROTEIN

element NO IS KNOWN AS

NITRIC OXIDE

Molecules that store and process genetic information are the

NUCLEIC ACIDS

An amino acid is to a protein as ________ is to a nucleic acid.

NUCLEOTIDE

An important buffer in body fluids is

NaHCO3.

How would the lack of a cofactor for an enzyme affect that enzyme's function?

The enzyme would not be able to function.

side chain of amino acids are called

R group

MAXIMUM RATE OF AN ENZYME REACTION OCCURS AT

SATURATION LIMIT

Substrate molecules bind to enzymes at the ________ sites.

active

If a substance has a pH that is greater than 7, it is

alkaline

monomers of protein are called

amino acids

in a aqueous solution cations are attracted to

anions

carbohydrates molecules

are the bodys most readily available source of energy

protons

atomic number of an atom is determined by the number of _______it has.

ions in an ionic molecule are held together due to

attraction of opposite electrical charges

(n) ________ removes hydrogen ions and a(n) ________ releases hydrogen ions.

base ,acid

inoraganic compounds can serve as

buffers

hydrogen bonds

can occur within a single molecule can form between neighboring molecules holds larger molecules together responsible for many properties of water

in an ionic bond the electron donor is ____,whereas the electron acceptor is

cation, anion

h20 is an example of an

compound

when atoms complete their outer electron shell by sharing electrons they form

covalent bonds

When two monosaccharides undergo a dehydration synthesis

dissacharide is formed

lipids

form essential structural components of cells. B) provide a significant energy reserve. C) help to maintain body temperature. D) cushion organs against shocks.

ionic bonds

formed when electrons are completely transferred from on atom to another

important metabolic fuel molecule in the body is

glucose

lipids are composed of fatty acids and..

glycerol

A polysaccharide that is formed in liver and muscle cells to store glucose is

glycogen

one mole of any element

has the same number of atoms

weak bonds are

hydrogen bonds

when an electron is transferred from one atom to another , and the two atoms unite as a result of the opposite charges

ionic bond is formed

Molecules that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas are called

isomers

Compounds that can be synthesized or broken down by chemical reactions inside the body are called

metabolites

) Each amino acid differs from another in the

nature of the side chain

chemical behavior of an atom is determined by

outermost electron shell

O2 IS KNOWN AS

oxygen

by weight which element is the most plentiful in the human body

oxygen

polar covalent bond

pair of electrons is unequally shared

Which pH of the following is the most acidic?

ph 1

Which has the greater concentration of hydrogen ions, a substance with a pH of 5 or a substance with a pH of 4?

ph of 4 is greater

which ph is least acidic

ph1

A fatty acid that contains two or more double covalent bonds is said to be

polyunsaturated

Cation

positive charges

To bond two monomers together, a molecule of water must be ________ to/from from monomers. This process is called ________.

removed; dehydration synthesis

Which one of the following statements is not correct about the reaction H2 + Cl2 → 2 HCl

the reaction is easily reversible

hydrolysis reaction ,compunds react with

water causing decomposition

most of the fat found in human body is the form of

triglycerides

artificial sweetners are

usually notbroken down by the body

example of inorganic substance

water and carbon dioxide