Chapter 2 concepts
Starch is a storage form of __________.
Glucose
Proteins that speed up the rate of a chemical reaction are _____________
enzymes
Each carbon atom can share pairs of electrons with as many as ____ other atoms.
four
A dissolved substance in water is a(n)____.
solute
Plants store large amounts of carbohydrates in the form of ____.
starch
What is the maximum number of electrons in a shell?
8 bishhhh
Covalent bonds ____.
are extremely strong and stable
An isotope with an unstable nucleus undergoes radioactive __________.
decay
A free radical is missing an ___________
electron
An antioxidant is a chemical that gives up a(n) ____________
electron
The term _________ means a pure substance that cannot be broken down
element
Electrons travel around the nucleus of an atom in ____________ levels.
energy
In PET scanning, the patient is injected with a(n) ___________ a molecule in which radioisotopes have been substituted for some atoms.
tracer
The first energy level can hold up to ____________ electrons.
two
A buildup of H+ in the blood will lead to ____.
acidosis
What is true about electron shells?
The innermost shell can hold up to two electrons.
A substance that accepts H+ when dissolved in water is a(n) __________
base
During a hydrolysis reaction, ____.
bonds are broken
A(n) ___________ system resists changes in pH.
buffer
Organic molecules contain at least one hydrogen atom and _________
carbon
Organic molecules are held together by __________ bonds
covalent
The building block of large carbohydrates is ____.
glucose
Water has a _____ heat capacity
high
The simplest form of an atom is ________________.
hydrogen
A _____________ reaction involves breaking bonds
hydrolysis
OH- is known as a(n) __________ ion.
hydroxide
The various forms of an element are known as ___________.
isotopes
In a(n) __________ two or more types of molecules mingle but do not chemically interact.
mixture
The blending of two or more kinds of molecules is a(n)____.
mixture
The bonding of two or more atoms creates a(n) ____.
molecule
Chemical bonds turn atoms into _________.
molecules
There is a slight _________ charge on the oxygen atom in a water molecule.
negative
The atomic number denotes the number of __________ in an atom of a particular element.
protons
A compound that releases ions other than hydrogen and hydroxide is a(n) ___________
salt
How do hydrophilic molecules interact with water?
They are attracted to water.
A blood pH below 7.3 is known as __________.
acidosis
The nucleus of an atom is composed of protons and _________.
neutrons
An amine functional group contains ____________
nitrogen
The bond between two amino acids in a protein is a(n) peptide __________ bond.
peptide