Chapter 2 concepts

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Starch is a storage form of __________.

Glucose

Proteins that speed up the rate of a chemical reaction are _____________

enzymes

Each carbon atom can share pairs of electrons with as many as ____ other atoms.

four

A dissolved substance in water is a(n)____.

solute

Plants store large amounts of carbohydrates in the form of ____.

starch

What is the maximum number of electrons in a shell?

8 bishhhh

Covalent bonds ____.

are extremely strong and stable

An isotope with an unstable nucleus undergoes radioactive __________.

decay

A free radical is missing an ___________

electron

An antioxidant is a chemical that gives up a(n) ____________

electron

The term _________ means a pure substance that cannot be broken down

element

Electrons travel around the nucleus of an atom in ____________ levels.

energy

In PET scanning, the patient is injected with a(n) ___________ a molecule in which radioisotopes have been substituted for some atoms.

tracer

The first energy level can hold up to ____________ electrons.

two

A buildup of H+ in the blood will lead to ____.

​acidosis

What is true about electron shells?

The innermost shell can hold up to two electrons.

A substance that accepts H+ when dissolved in water is a(n) __________

base

During a hydrolysis reaction, ____.

bonds are broken

A(n) ___________ system resists changes in pH.

buffer

Organic molecules contain at least one hydrogen atom and _________

carbon

Organic molecules are held together by __________ bonds

covalent

​The building block of large carbohydrates is ____.

glucose

Water has a _____ heat capacity

high

The simplest form of an atom is ________________.

hydrogen

A _____________ reaction involves breaking bonds

hydrolysis

OH- is known as a(n) __________ ion.

hydroxide

The various forms of an element are known as ___________.

isotopes

In a(n) __________ two or more types of molecules mingle but do not chemically interact.

mixture

The blending of two or more kinds of molecules is a(n)____.

mixture

The bonding of two or more atoms creates a(n) ____.

molecule

Chemical bonds turn atoms into _________.

molecules

There is a slight _________ charge on the oxygen atom in a water molecule.

negative

The atomic number denotes the number of __________ in an atom of a particular element.

protons

A compound that releases ions other than hydrogen and hydroxide is a(n) ___________

salt

How do hydrophilic molecules interact with water?

They are attracted to water.

A blood pH below 7.3 is known as __________.

acidosis

The nucleus of an atom is composed of protons and _________.

neutrons

An amine functional group contains ____________

nitrogen

The bond between two amino acids in a protein is a(n) peptide __________ bond.

peptide


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