Chapter 2 (LR)
Which is the theory that describes the maturation of humans through stages?
Developmental theory
Which activity best helps the nurse apply theory to practice?
Evidence-based research
A nurse is planning to participate in a research project and is looking for information about what is already known about the topic. The nurse is involved in which step of the research process? Scientific literature review
Scientific literature review
A nurse researcher is planning to conduct a research study and applies to the appropriate Institutional Review Board (IRB) for approval. When applying to the IRB, which information would the nurse researcher be required to include? Select all that apply. You Selected: a. A simplified plan for data collection b. Detailed plans for data security c. Proposed research question d. A proposed consent form
b. Detailed plans for data security d. A proposed consent form
When the nurse researcher informs the participant that the participant's identity will not be linked with the information that is collected, the researcher is ensuring the participant's:
confidentiality.
One of the primary reasons for conducting nursing research is to:
generate knowledge to guide practice.
Evidence-based care emphasizes decision making based on the best available evidence and:
use of outcome studies to guide decisions
Which statement best explains the importance of theoretic frameworks?
Theoretic frameworks advance nursing knowledge and practice.
Who is considered to be the first nursing theorist who conceptualized nursing in terms of manipulating the environment?
Florence Nightingale
The focus of nursing is always on which of the four common concepts in nursing theory?
Person
Evidence-based care emphasizes decision making based on the best available evidence and:
use of outcome studies to guide decisions.
A nurse is discussing dietary issues with a Latino client in the clinic. The client states, "My grandmother always told me that I needed to include beans in my diet so that my muscles would grow." The information that the client is expressing is known as what?
Traditional knowledge
A community health nurse has been visiting a diabetic client whose morning fasting glucose levels are constantly elevated. Upon further assessment, the nurse determines that the client's spouse does not understand how to prepare meals following the prescribed diabetic diet. Using Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Theory, how can the nurse help meet the needs of this client?
Arrange an evaluation appointment with a dietitian.
For which research activity is a phenomenological research method most appropriate?
Attempting to understand non-English speaking immigrants' experiences of being hospital
A nurse is discussing dietary issues with a Latino client in the clinic. The client states, "My nutritionist told me that I needed to include beans in my diet so that my muscles would grow." The information that the client is expressing is known as what?
Authoritative knowledge
Knowledge gained from someone with a great deal of perceived experience is which type of knowledge?
Authoritative knowledge
When looking at a model for evidence-based practice, what is the final step of the process?
Evaluating practice change
A nursing theorist examines a hospital environment by studying each ward and how it works individually, and then relates this information to the hospital as a whole working entity. This is an example of the use of which theory?
General systems theory
In order for the nurse to be able to apply the knowledge that has been obtained in the formal education process, which theory would best break whole concepts into parts and then determine how the parts would work together as a whole?
General systems theory
Which theory emphasizes the relationships between the whole and the parts, and describes how parts function and behave?
General systems theory
A nurse is reviewing nursing theory for usefulness in a home healthcare setting. Which is the appropriate application of Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Model in a home healthcare setting?
Match the client's self-care needs with appropriate supportive interventions.
What is the best explanation for the way evidence-based practice (EBP) has changed the way nursing care is delivered?
Nursing care now uses EBP as a means of ensuring quality care.
Which theory describes, explains, predicts, and controls outcomes in nursing practice?
Nursing theory
A nurse is developing a foreground question for nursing research using the PICO model. Which component would be represented by the statement, "a 45-year-old male with coronary heart disease and atrial fibrillation"?
P
A nurse researcher is collecting nominal data. What type of research is being conducted?
Quantitative research
A group of nurses is planning to investigate the effectiveness of turning immobilized stroke clients more frequently in order to prevent skin breakdown. The team has begun by formulating a PICO question. Which element will the "O" in the team's PICO question refer to?
Preventing skin breakdown
Which is a focus of medical research rather than nursing research?
Drug metabolism
A nurse is reading a research article from a nursing journal. The nurse is aware that the opening paragraph summarizing the article and the research findings is a good place to start. What part of the article is the nurse reading?
Abstract
Which criterion is not used for critically evaluating websites when doing a literature review?
Accessibility
A nurse develops the following foreground question using the PICO format in preparation for a research study: "In overweight clients, how do chromium supplements compared to no supplements help with weight loss?" Which part of the question reflects the intervention?
Chromium supplements
A nurse researcher develops a foreground question in preparation for conducting a research study. The question is: "In clients with intravenous catheters, how does replacing administration sets every 72 hours (h) compared with other frequent intervals (24h, 48h, or 96h) decrease infection rates?" Applying the PICO framework, which part of the statement reflects the "O"?
Decrease infection rates
The nurse is preparing to submit a research project to the institutional review board (IRB). The nurse understands that which is the purpose of the IRB?
Ensure the ethical treatment of all participants
A nurse who works in a pediatric practice assesses the developmental level of children of various ages to determine their psychosocial development. These assessments are based on the work of:
Erikson
What nursing activity forms the bridge between theory and practice?
Evidence-based research
Who is considered to be the first nursing researcher?
Florence Nightingale
A nurse is planning to conduct a nursing research study and is seeking federal funding. Which institution would be most helpful for the nurse to contact regarding acquiring funding?
National Institute of Nursing Research
Nurses in an ICU noticed that their clients required fewer interventions for pain when the ICU was quiet. They then asked a researcher to design a study about the effects of noise on the pain levels of hospitalized clients. How does this demonstrate the ultimate goal of expanding the nursing body of knowledge?
Nursing research helps improve ways to promote and maintain health.
What type of research study would a hospital conduct to explore clients' and families' perceptions of receiving care?
Qualitative
The second step in implementation of evidence-based practice includes systematic review. To complete a systematic review of the literature, what must the nurse do?
Summarize findings from multiple studies that are related to a particular nursing practice.
A nurse is formulating a clinical question in PICO format. Which is represented by the letter I?
The treatment of interest
A nurse is preparing to conduct a research study and uses the PICO format to develop the foreground question which is: "In adults, does reducing salt intake, compared to no change in salt intake, lower blood pressure?" The nurse identifies the "P" as:
adults
A nurse is using quantitative research for a question related to nursing practice. When conducting the research, which aspect would the nurse need to keep in mind? Select all that apply. a. Data are collected in real-world settings. b. Statistical processes are used to interpret the data. c. Concepts are fairly well-developed. d. An existing body of literature is available.
b. Statistical processes are used to interpret the data. c. Concepts are fairly well-developed. d. An existing body of literature is available.