Chapter 2 of Computer Information systems stuff

Define bits and bytes, and describe how they are measured, used, and processed.

Bit Binary digit 0 or 1 Byte Unique combinations of 8 bits of 0s and 1s

Describe various types of printers, and explain when you would use them.

-An all-in-one printer combines the functions of a printer, scanner, copier, and fax machine into one machine and can use either inkjet or laser technology. -A large format printer prints oversize pictures that require the drawing of precise and continuous lines, such as maps and architectural plans. Plotters provide a greater level of precision than laser or inkjet printers. -A 3D printer is used to print three-dimensional models.

Describe options for outputting images and audio from computing devices.

-An output device lets you send processed data out of your computer in the form of text, pictures, sounds, or video. -The most common output device is a monitor, which displays text, graphics, and video as soft copies (copies you can see only on-screen). -Another common output device is a printer, which creates hard copies— copies you can touch—of text and graphics. -Speakers and earphones (or earbuds) are the output devices for sound

Storage options on computer devices: Cloud Storage

-Cloud storage refers to files being stored on the Internet. -Most companies offer a limited amount of space for free. -Additional space can be purchased.

Flash drives n shit

-For large portable storage needs, there are portable external hard drives, which are small enough to fit into your pocket and have storage capacities of 4 TB (or larger). -A flash drive (jump drive, USB drive, or thumb drive) uses solid-state flash memory, storing information on an internal memory chip.

Describe how to manage power consumption on computing devices

-For portable devices, it is important to know which devices drain the battery the most. -The computer's power supply provides power for the devices. -In sleep mode, all documents in RAM stay in RAM when the computer is put to sleep. -When a computer is restarted it is called a warm boot. When the computer is started, from a powered down state, it is referred to as a cold boot. -When a computer hibernates, it stores all the documents from RAM on the hard drive.

More about Storage computing devices

-Optical drives read from and write to CDs, DVDs, or Blu-ray discs. Data is saved as pits burned into the disc by a laser. -Compact discs (CDs) were initially created to store audio files. -Digital video discs (DVDs) are the same size and shape as CDs but can hold up to 14 times more data. -Blu-ray discs (BDs) hold as much as 50 GB of data—enough to hold approximately 4.5 hours of high-definition movies.

Define the CPU Performance Measures

-Processor speed is measured in units of hertz. --Hertz is a measurement of machine cycles per second. Current systems run at speeds measured in gigahertz, or billions of machine cycles per second. Therefore, a 3.8 GHz processor performs at 3.8 billion machine cycles per second. CPU performance is also affected by the number of cores, or processing paths, the processor has. Processors have been designed that have two, four, and even ten cores.

Explain the main functions of the C P U.

-The central processing unit (CPU, or processor) is sometimes referred to as the "brains" of the computer because it controls all the functions performed by the computer's other components and processes all the commands issued to it by software instructions. -CPUs can perform as many as tens of billions of tasks per second without error, making them extremely powerful components.

Describe the various means of storing data and information with computing devices.

-The hard disk drive is your computer's primary device for permanent storage of software and documents. -Hard drives are nonvolatile storage devices. -An internal hard drive resides in the unit and holds all permanently stored programs and data. -External hard drives reside outside the unit and connect via a USB or FireWire port. -Solid-state drives have no moving parts, so they're more efficient, run with no noise, emit little heat, and require little power.

Define the types of screens and how they work.

-The most common monitor is a liquid crystal display (LCD), also called a flat-panel monitor. It is light and energy-efficient. -Light-emitting diode (LED) technology is more energy-efficient and has better color accuracy and thinner panels than LCD monitors. -Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays use organic compounds that produce light when exposed to an electric current. Unlike LCDs and - LEDs, OLEDs do not require a backlight and therefore draw less power and have a thinner display. How they work: Pixels refer to picture elements Aspect ratio is the relationship between the height and width of the screen Resolution is the amount of pixels that can be displayed

Describe common types of ports used today.

-Thunderbolt provides a transfer rate of 20 Gbps. -Universal serial bus ports are used to connect input and output devices to computers. -The USB 3.1 standard provides transfer speeds of 10Gbps and charges devices faster than previous USB ports. -Connecting computers can be done through an Ethernet port. -HDMI ports are used for high definition audio and video.

Define ergonomics, and discuss the ideal physical setup for using computing devices.

Ergonomics refers to how you set up your computer and other equipment to minimize your risk of injury or discomfort. -These guidelines can help keep you comfortable and productive: --Position your monitor correctly. --Purchase an adjustable chair. --Assume a proper position while typing. --Take breaks from computer tasks. --Ensure that the lighting is adequate. -Assistive (or adaptive) technologies are products, devices, equipment, or software that are used to maintain, increase, or improve the functional capabilities of individuals with disabilities.

Describe various types of printers, and explain when you would use them.

Inkjet -Affordable -High-quality color -Quick and quiet Laser -Faster printing speed -Higher-quality printouts -More expensive

Describe the four main functions of a computer system and how they interact with data and information

Input: Gathers data, allows entering data Processing: Manipulates, calculates, or organizes data Output: Displays data and information Storage: Saves data and information

Identify the main types of keyboards and touch screens.

Keyboard Touch screen Stylus Virtual keyboard

Describe the main types of mice and pointing devices.

Mouse Touch pad (trackpad) Game controllers

Explain how images, sounds, and sensor data are input into computing devices.

Popular input devices for images include: -Digital cameras -Camcorders -Mobil device cameras -Flatbed scanners -Webcams Popular input devices for sound are: -Microphone with voice recognition software -Various sensors are also used to detect or measure things

List common types of computers, and discuss their main features

Smartphones Tablets Laptops and their variants Choosing a portable device Stationary computers

Define the output devices for sound

Speaker -Output device for sound -Surround-sound speakers -Wireless speaker systems -Headphones or earbuds Keep from distracting others

Describe the functions of the motherboard and RAM.

The motherboard is located inside the system unit and contains the central electronic components of the computer, including the computer's processor (CPU), and many circuit boards that help the computer to function. -The motherboard includes slots for expansion cards, which provide additional functionality. -Sound cards connect speakers and a microphone. Video cards provide connections for the monitor. -Network interface cards enable your computer to connect with other computers and provide high-speed Internet connections.