Chapter 2: Theory, Research, and Evidence-Based Practice

A nurse working in a long-established hospital learned a specific approach to administering intravenous injections from the previous generation of nurses at the hospital. This is an example of which type of knowledge? Philosophy knowledge Scientific knowledge Authoritative knowledge Traditional knowledge

Traditional knowledge

A nursing theorist examines a hospital environment by studying each ward and how it works individually and then relates this information to the hospital as a whole working entity. This is an example of the use of which theory? General systems theory Psychosocial theory Adaptation theory Developmental theory

General systems theory

A novice nurse is sharing a newly published research article which outlines a different approach in preventing a wound infection after surgery with a colleague and states the nurse is going to try this new method. Which is the best response from the colleague? Suggest they conduct their own research to determine if it will work with their clients. Agree the method should be used immediately with their own clients. Wait until the method is analyzed to ensure it will be appropriate for their clients. Help share the information with other staff members so all can use the new technique.

Wait until the method is analyzed to ensure it will be appropriate for their clients.

Evidence-based care emphasizes decision making based on the best available evidence and: cost efficiency of treatment models. care based on pathophysiologic factors. use of outcome studies to guide decisions. evaluation by experts to direct care in specialty areas.

use of outcome studies to guide decisions.

Christine Grady is a nurse ethicist that proposed a framework for evaluating ethics. Grady suggested that a independent review is needed for ethical research. This principle is correctly defined as: unaffiliated individuals must review the research and approve, amend, or terminate the research. enhancements of health or knowledge must be derived from the research. scientific objectives, not vulnerability or privilege, and the potential for and distraction of risk and benefits, should determine communities selected as study sites and the inclusion criteria for individual subject. individuals should be informed about the research and provide their voluntary consent.

unaffiliated individuals must review the research and approve, amend, or terminate the research.

Which theory emphasizes the relationships between the whole and the parts, and describes how parts function and behave? Adaptation theory Nursing theory Developmental theory General systems theory

General systems theory

Who is considered to be the first nursing theorist who conceptualized nursing in terms of manipulating the environment? Dorothea Orem Florence Nightingale Lydia Hall Sister Callista Roy

Florence Nightingale

The focus of nursing is always on which of the four common concepts in nursing theory? Health Nursing Environment Person

Person

A nurse who works in a pediatric practice assesses the developmental level of children of various ages to determine their psychosocial development. These assessments are based on the work of: Watson. Erikson. Maslow. Rogers.

Erikson.

When looking at a model for evidence-based practice, what is the final step of the process? Evaluating practice change Searching the literature Appraising evidence Formulating a clinical question

Evaluating practice change

A nurse observes that the past five clients referred from a community clinic have been treated for drug and/or alcohol overdose. Based on this information, the nurse assumes that the clinic specializes in the treatment of substance use. This is an example of what type of reasoning? Deductive reasoning Inductive reasoning Nursing process General systems theory

Inductive reasoning

One of the primary reasons for conducting nursing research is to: determine outcomes for clients. prevent further disease and death. quantify outcomes related to clients. generate knowledge to guide practice.

generate knowledge to guide practice.

What nursing activity forms the bridge between theory and practice? Case management Client-focused care Evidence-based research Theoretical writing

Evidence-based research