Chapter 20: Addictive Unhealthy Behaviors

The two most abused substances in America are stimulants and anabolic steroids marijuana and alcohol alcohol and tobacco beta blockers and stimulants anabolic steroids and beta blockers

alcohol and tobacco

According to the Diagnostic Manual of Mental Disorders, which of the following is (are) characteristic of anorexia nervosa? refusal to keep minimal body weight (15% below normal) intense fear of weight gain disturbed body image all of the above b and c

all of the above

What is/are common among the side effects of ingesting anabolic steroids? increased risk of liver disease increased aggression loss of coordination premature heart disease all of the above

all of the above

Which of the following is (are) a characteristic of compulsive gamblers? boastfulness unbounded optimism extreme competitiveness all of the above a and c

all of the above

Which of the following is a criterion (are criteria) for physical activity to be classified as addictive? the activity requires little skill or mental effort the activity can be done without self-criticism the exerciser believes the activity is valuable all of the above

all of the above

Which of the following is a sign/symptom of people who are substance abusers? major change in personality poor hygiene and grooming impaired judgment muscle twitches all of the above

all of the above

The studies by Hanton and Jones on facilitative and debilitative anxiety have shown that athletes can't control their interpretation of anxiety athletes can be taught to view anxiety as facilitative elite athletes always viewed anxiety as debilitative a and b a and c

athletes can be taught to view anxiety as facilitative

Unusual eating patterns are often one of the best indicators of an eating disorder. If an individual hides food and disappears after eating, this can be a sign of bulimia anorexia nervosa anorexia nervosa and bulimia psychological depression c and d

bulimia

Which of the following is (are) true? about 25% of high school athletes take performance-enhancing drugs close to 50% of elite athletes report steroid use athletes report that approximately 80% of their teammates are using steroids a and b b and c

close to 50% of elite athletes report steroid use

Jones proposed a new model to help determine if anxiety will be facilitative or debilitative (positive or negative expectations are created). What is the critical variable that leads to a facilitative or debilitative judgment? control anxiety self-esteem self-efficacy optimism

control

Which of the following is (are) a symptom of a person who is negatively addicted to exercise?

decreased tolerance to the amount of exercise performed and exercise given increased priority over other activities

Garner and Rosen recommend that if a coach suspects an athlete has an eating disorder, the coach should

discuss her concerns with the athlete in a private meeting

Anorexia nervosa and bulimia are the two most common eating disorders. Bulimia differs from anorexia in what way(s)?

eating behavior is excessive in an effort to "feel better" and feeling of guilt from eating results in purging

The most common physical reason for athletes to use drugs is for performance enhancement to help injury recovery to control appetite to look better to feel better

for performance enhancement

Research suggests that people are less likely to take drugs if they have a low level of anxiety high self-esteem a low level of aggression a highly competitive nature all of the above

high self-esteem

About ___% of the population are compulsive gamblers.

2

Educating athletes/exercisers about the harmful effects of drug use usually deters ___% of people from using drugs. 5% 20% 30% 40% 50%

5%

What percentage of athletes said they would take a performance-enhancing substance, even if it meant they would die from the side effects, if the substance guaranteed winning every competition for the next five years? 10% 20% 40% 60% 5%

60%

In general, ___% percentage of collegiate athletes (football and basketball players) engage in some form of gambling.

75%

Thompson and Garner and Rosen list some dos and don'ts for dealing with eating disorders. Which of the following are don'ts?

Recommend weight loss in order to improve performance or hold team weigh-ins

What professional tennis star who suffered from bulimia was discussed in chapter 20? Martina Navratilova Monica Seles Zina Garrison Chris Evert Mary Jo Fernandez

Zina Garrison

The major categories of drugs in sport and exercise are performance-enhancing and recreational drugs. Performance-enhancing drugs include anabolic steroids beta blockers cocaine all of the above a and b

a and b

Which of the following is (are) a psychological reason(s) for athletes to use drugs? a. build confidence b. reduce anxiety c. increase extroversion d. a and b e. a and c

a and b

Which of the following is (are) a symptom of a person who is negatively addicted to exercise? decreased tolerance to the amount of exercise performed exercise given increased priority over other activities relief or withdrawal of symptoms by further exercise all of the above a and b

a and b

According to the Diagnostic Manual of Mental Disorders, which of the following is (are) characteristic of bulimia? recurrent episodes of binge eating in a discrete period of time a minimum average of four binge-eating episodes a week for at least six months a feeling of lack of control over eating behavior during eating binges a and c a and b

a and c

When discussing the effects of anabolic steroids with athletes, coaches should discuss the health risks involved in taking anabolic steroids deemphasize the performance gains of anabolic steroids inform the athletes of the policy of the organization in cases of drug use all of the above a and c

a and c

Substance abuse and eating disorders in athletes should be treated by an educational sport psychologist a clinical sport psychologist a social worker an educational counseling psychologist none of the above

a clinical sport psychologist

Which of the following is (are) true? about 2% of the population are compulsive gamblers about 15% of the population are problem gamblers about 15% of college students are compulsive gamblers a and c a and b

about 2% of the population are compulsive gamblers

According to Thompson, eating disorders are likely to appear in individuals with

low self-esteem and high stress levels related to pleasing others

If we look at high school and college athletes' use of steroids, certain gender differences appear. These are that

males use steroids three to five times more often than females

Which of the following is a common recreational drug?

marijuana, alcohol, tobacco, and cocaine

The Diagnostic Manual of Mental Disorders states that one of the criteria for psychoactive substance abuse is that the disturbance has persisted for at least ___ . six months two weeks one month three months one week

one month

Which of the following is not a factor predisposing athletes to eating disorders?

parental pressure

Which of the following is (are) among guidelines for preventing eating disorders in athletes and exercisers?

promote proper nutritional practices and be sensitive to weight issues

Which of the following is NOT an approach or technique to detect and combat drug use? family systems approach educational approaches cognitive techniques behavioral techniques psychophysiological techniques

psychophysiological techniques

An effect of stimulants on performance enhancement is reduced pain reduced fatigue increased strength steadier nerves increased muscle endurance

reduced fatigue

Which of the following is (are) NOT a good way to detect drug use and abuse?

searching the athletes' lockers on a random basis

Which of the following is (are) a technique to reduce the probability of becoming negatively addicted to exercise? working out regularly with a faster partner keeping the intensity of exercise high to maximize benefits setting realistic short- and long-term goals a and c b and c

setting realistic short- and long-term goals