Chapter 20 - Endocrine system

Which hormone secreted by the pancreatic islet cells functions to increase blood glucose levels?

Glucagon

The adrenal medulla releases hormones as a result of stimulation by the

hypothalamus.

Match the hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary with its target.

1. FSH and LH: Ovaries in females and testes in males 2. Prolactin (PRL): Mammary glands in females 3. Growth hormone: Almost every cell in the body 4. TSH: Thyroid gland 5. ACTH: Adrenal cortex

The pituitary hormone that stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce and secrete its own hormones is

ACTH.

Check all of the hormones that are secreted by the gonads.

Estrogen Progesterone Testosterone

The posterior pituitary gland synthesizes and stores ADH and oxytocin.

False

The process of milk release from the mammary glands is an example of which feedback loop?

Positive feedback loop

The hypothalamus is a major control center for the autonomic nervous system (ANS).

True

The pituitary gland is connected to the hypothalamus by the _____________.

infundibulum

The hormone secreted by the pineal gland is _____________.

melatonin

The neurons in the hypothalamus that secrete hormones are called ______________ cells.

neurosecretory

The parathyroid glands are located on the ____________ surface of the thyroid gland.

posterior

The endocrine gland that is devoted entirely to endocrine activities and has a distinctive butterfly shape is the

thyroid gland.

The hierarchy of control in the endocrine system is analogous to the hierarchy of a corporation. Using this analogy, which of the following is the "vice president?"

Anterior pituitary

Select the hormones that are secreted from the posterior pituitary.

- Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) - Oxytocin (OT)

Check all that are true of the endocrine system.

- It communicates using hormones secreted into the bloodstream. - It causes metabolic activity changes in its target cells. - Its effects last from minutes to weeks. - Its effects may continue after the stimulus is removed.

Check all that are a function of oxytocin.

- Stimulates smooth muscle contraction in the uterine wall in females. - Stimulates milk ejection from mammary glands. - Stimulates contraction of smooth muscle of male reproductive tract.

Select all that are true regarding the relationship between the hypothalamus and pituitary gland.

- The hypothalamus produces hormones that stimulate anterior pituitary hormone secretion. - The hypothalamus produces hormones that inhibit anterior pituitary hormone secretion.

Match each numbered item with the most closely related lettered item.

1. Participates in positive feedback loop during childbirth: Oxytocin 2. Stimulates milk production: Prolactin 3. Decreases blood-glucose levels: Insulin 4. Have receptors for specific hormones: Target cells 5. Manage blood-calcium levels: Parathyroid glands 6. Carry hormones away from pituitary gland: Hypophyseal veins 7. Stress hormone secreted by adrenal glands: Cortisol 8. Synthesized by the adrenal medulla: Epinephrine 9. Transport regulatory hormones to anterior pituitary: Hypophyseal portal veins 10. Produces regulatory hormones: Hypothalamus

Match the characteristics with either the endocrine system or nervous system

1. Relatively slow: Endocrine system response time 2. Rapid: Nervous system response time