Chapter 20- Fruits
What do individual carpels mature as?
a clustered unit on a single receptacle
What are Pomes derived from?
a compound inferior ovary in which the flesh comes from the enlarged floral tube or receptacle that grows up around the ovary
Where do berries usually develop from?
a compound ovary containing a single ovule
What do fleshy fruits develop from?
a flower with a single to several carpels
What is a true berry?
a fruit with a thick skin and a soft pericarp
What are aggregate fruits derived from?
a single flower with several to many carpels
Some berries are derived from flowers with inferior ovaries so that other parts of the flower also contribute to the flesh. What type of fruit is this?
accessory fruit
Which type of indeniscent dry fruit is a small, one seeded fruit with a thin wall?
achene
What is a fruit?
an ovary and its accessory parts that have developed and matured
Give example of a Pome
apples
Give 2 examples of samaras
ashes and elms
Give example of legume
coral tree
Give example of a grain
corn
Which type of fruits split at maturity?
dehiscent dry fruits
What are the 3 fruit regions?
exocarp, endocarp, and mesocarp
What is the mesocarp?
fleshy tissue between exocarp ad endocarp
Where do drupes develop from?
flowers with a superior ovary
Which type of dry fruit splits along one side or seam that is derived from a single carpel?
follicle
What are indeniscent dry fruits?
fruits that dont split at maturity
Which type of indeniscent dry fruit has a tightly united pericarp and seed?
grain
Which family is a grain?
grass family
What is the endocarp?
inner boundary around seeds
What are Hesperidiums made of?
leathery skin containing oils
Which type of dry fruit splits along two sides or seams?
legume
What are the chambers in the ovary called?
locule
What is an example of a dehiscent dry fruit?
magnolia
What does achene come from?
many carpels
What is an example of a follicle?
milkweed
What are bracts?
modified leaves
Which family is an example of a silique?
mustard family
Which type of indeniscent dry fruit is one seeded and is derived from a compound ovary and has a stony fruit wall?
nut
Give example of a nut
oak acorns
Give examples of a drupe
peach, almond, olive, cherry, Tilia
What are the 2 subgroups of berries?
pepos and hesperidium
What are the 3 fruit regions collectively known as?
pericarp
Give 3 examples of multiple fruits
pineapple, figs, and osage orange
What does the fruit serve as for the seeds?
protection and means of dispersal
Give example of a Pepo
pumpkin
Give 3 examples of aggravated fruits
raspberries, strawberries, and blackberries
What are Pepos have?
relatively thick rinds
Which type of indeniscent dry fruit has winged achenes and an extended pericarp in the form of a wing or a membrane?
samara
Which type of dry fruit splits at maturity into 2 or more one-seeded portions?
schizocarp
What are multiple fruits derived from?
several to many individual flowers in a single inflorescence
Which type of dry fruit splits along two sides or seams, but seeds are borne on the central partition exposed when the two halves separate?
silique
What is a drupe?
simple fleshy fruit with a single seed enclosed by a hard, stony endocarp, or pit
What is the exocarp?
skin
In achene, what is attached to the pericarp?
base of the seed
Give example of an accessory fruit?
blueberry
Give 2 examples of capsules
butterfly iris and orchid
What is the most common type of dry fruit?
capsules
Which type of dry fruit consists of at least two carpels, and split in a variety of ways?
capsules
Give example of Hesperidium
citrus fruits
Give example of schizocarp
maple
Give example of achene
sunflower
Give examples of a true berry
tomato, eggplant, grapes
