Chapter 20 quiz

Characteristics that enable plants to protect themselves from herbivores include a. thorns and prickles. b. sticky hairs and tough leaves. c. chemical defenses. d. All of the above

d

Following are the latitudes of four cities. Near which city would you predict to find the greatest number of wild species? a. Berlin, Germany (52°32´ N) b. Montreal, Canada (45°0´ N) c. Denver, Colorado (39°44´ N) d. Brisbane, Australia (27°30´ S)

d

Generally, the closer an ecosystem is to the equator, a. the longer its growing season. c. the warmer its temperature. b. the greater its species richness. d. All of the above

d

Parasites a. coevolve with their hosts. b. are usually smaller than their hosts. c. rarely kill their hosts. d. All of the above

d

Sea stars are strong predators of marine organisms such as clams and mussels. An ecologist studying an ocean ecosystem performed an experiment in which the sea stars were removed from the ecosystem. After the removal of the sea stars, a. the ecosystem became more diverse. b. food webs in the ecosystem became more complex. c. the size of the ecosystem was reduced. d. the number of species in the ecosystem was reduced.

d

Species evenness is a measure of a. the number of different species in a community. b. the total number of individuals in a community. c. the number of plant species relative to the number of animal species in a community. d. the relative abundance of different species in a community.

d

The relationship between a predator and its prey is best illustrated by a. a snake eating a bird. c. a lion eating a zebra. b. a fox eating a mouse. d. a zebra eating grass.

d

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a stable community? a. resistance to outbreaks of insect pests b. the ability to recover rapidly from a drought c. a high species richness d. the absence of disturbances

d

Which of the following usually results when members of different species require the same food and space? a. primary succession b. primary competition c. secondary succession d. interspecific competition

d

Which pair of organisms generally exhibits mutualism? a. coyotes and the sheep that the coyotes eat b. bats that eat fruit and birds that eat the same fruit c. parasitic worms and the white-tailed deer that the worms infect d. hummingbirds that drink flower nectar and the flowering plants that produce the nectar

d

commensalism : one organism :: a. parasitism : both organisms b. predation : neither organism c. mutualism : one organism d. mutualism : both organisms

d

A tick feeding on a human is an example of a. parasitism. c. competition. b. mutualism. d. commensalism.

a

Cattle egrets are birds that mostly feed on insects that have been disturbed by grazing cattle. The cattle are neither helped nor harmed by the presence of the egrets. This relationship is an example of a. commensalism. c. mutualism. b. competition. d. parasitism.

a

Competitive exclusion occurs when a. a species is eliminated from a community because of competition. b. new species enter an ecosystem because one of the original species died off. c. species reproduce in increasing numbers because more food is available. d. All of the above

a

In his experiments with two species of paramecia, George F. Gause proved that two competitors cannot coexist on the same limited resources. This outcome demonstrated the principle of a. competitive exclusion. b. secondary succession. c. intraspecific competition. d. symbiosis.

a

primary succession : areas of no previous plant growth :: a. secondary succession : abandoned farm fields b. rain forest : a desert c. farm field : a desert d. secondary succession : bare rock

a

Area that is in the early stages of primary succession will typically contain a. perennial shrubs. c. annual grasses. b. rock lichens. d. evergreen trees.

b

Because the two species of barnacles attempt to use the same resources, they are a. in a parasitic relationship. b. in competition with one another. c. in a mutualistic relationship. d. in symbiosis with one another.

b

Secondary succession occurs a. as one generation of organisms replaces the previous one. b. as a previously existing community is replaced. c. after a new food web is established. d. All of the above

b

The end stage of primary succession in a northern latitude would be characterized by the predominance of a. lichens. b. needle-leaved evergreen trees. c. small plants and shrubs. d. All of the above

b

The transformation over time from barren soil to spruce trees is called a. stability. c. symbiosis. b. succession. d. species richness

b

An area that is in the early stages of secondary succession will typically contain a. perennial shrubs. c. annual grasses. b. rock lichens. d. evergreen trees.

c

An ecosystem located along the equator would probably a. have a shorter growing season than an ecosystem at 30° north or south latitude. b. contain fewer species than an ecosystem at 30° north or south latitude. c. have higher species richness than an ecosystem at 30° north or south latitude. d. have less rainfall than an ecosystem at 30° north or south latitude.

c

Succession is a. an organism's ability to survive in its environment. b. the number of species living in an ecosystem. c. the regular progression of species replacement in an environment. d. the transfer of energy through a food chain.

c

The relationship between flowering plants and the bees that pollinate them is an example of a. commensalism. c. mutualism. b. competition. d. parasitism.

c

When settlers arrived in New England, many forests were turned into agricultural fields. Eventually, some fields were abandoned and then grew back into forests. This is best described as a. primary succession. c. secondary succession. b. coevolution. d. niche realization.

c

Which of the following is an example of mimicry? a. a poisonous species that looks frightening b. coloration that causes an animal to blend in with its habitat c. a harmless species that resembles a poisonous species d. similarly colored body parts on two poisonous species

c

Which of the following is not a characteristic of pioneer species? a. They are small. b. They grow quickly. c. They reproduce slowly. d. They disperse many seeds.

c

Which of the following types of succession would most likely occur after a forest fire? a. primary succession c. secondary succession b. old field succession d. climax succession

c

secondary succession : cleared forest :: a. pile of rock and gravel : secondary succession b. secondary succession : bare soil c. primary succession : new volcanic island d. succession : the absence of plants

c