Chapter 20 Review
reabsorption is driven by the
BCOP
What is the order of the blood vessels that a red blood cell would pass through as the blood leaves the heart, travels to a tissue, and then returns to the heart? Select one: a. capillary, arteriole, artery, vein, venule b. artery, arteriole, capillary, venule, vein c. vein, capillary, artery, arteriole, venule d. artery, venule, capillary, arteriole, vein e. arteriole, artery, capillary, vein, venule
b
Which of the following acts as a storage area for blood? Select one: a. the aorta b. the veins c. capillaries d. arterioles e. the arteries
b
Which of the following arteries is part of a circulatory pathway to the brain? Select one: a. external jugular vein b. internal carotid artery c. axillary artery d. cephalic artery e. radial artery
b
Which of the following best describes arteries? Select one: a. strong, rigid vessels that carry blood under high pressure b. strong, elastic vessels that carry blood under high pressure c. thin, elastic vessels that transport blood under low pressure d. elastic vessels that connect arterioles and venules e. fragile vessels that are prone to rupture.
b
Which of the following chemical substances, when released into the blood, would cause blood pressure to decrease? Select one: a. vasopressin b. atrial natriuretic hormone c. ADH d. angiotensin II (active angiotensin) e. aldosterone
b
Which of the following factors assists in the return of venous blood to the heart? (1) arterial dilation(2) valves in the veins(3) sympathetic stimulation(4) compression of veins by muscular movements Select one: a. 1, 2, 3, 4 b. 2, 3, 4 c. 1, 3, 4 d. 1 and 2 e. 1, 2, 3
b
Which of the following thoracic organs is supplied by a parietal branch of the thoracic aorta? Select one: a. the esophagus b. the intercostal muscles c. the thymus gland d. the lungs e. the heart
b
Which of the following would increase resistance to blood flow? Select one: a. a decrease in the number of red blood cells b. a decrease in the radius of the vessel c. a decrease in the length of the vessel d. a decrease in blood viscosity e. a decreased hematocrit
b
Which statement is CORRECT? Select one: a. For an artery and vein of the same diameter, the vein would have a thicker wall. b. Veins contain valves and arteries do not. c. Blood pressure is lower in arteries than in veins. d. When empty, an artery is more likely to be collapsed (flattened) than a vein. e. Both arteries and veins are under pressure. X
b
Which type of vessel has the greatest compliance? Select one: a. capillaries b. veins c. arteries d. arterioles
b
A blood pressure reading of 120/80 would Select one: a. have Korotkoff sounds at pressures above 120 mm Hg. b. indicate a systolic pressure of 80 mm Hg. c. indicate a systolic pressure of 120 mm Hg. d. indicate a diastolic pressure of 120 mm Hg. e. would be considered hypertensive.
c
A vein responsible for draining blood from the upper limb is the Select one: a. common iliac vein. b. azygos vein. c. cephalic vein. d. portal vein. e. peroneal vein.
c
Arteries can constrict or dilate as needed because of the smooth muscle found in the Select one: a. tunica externa. b. tunica interna. c. tunica media. d. tunica adventitia. e. tunica intima.
c
Atherosclerosis is the Select one: a. stretching of arterial walls. b. inflammation of veins. c. deposition of plaques in arterial walls. d. hypertrophy of the tunica intima.
c
Capillaries have the slowest velocity because Select one: a. their diameters are the smallest. b. the resistance is the greatest. c. the total cross-sectional area is the largest. d. the total cross-sectional area is the smallest.
c
Capillary walls serve as effective permeability barriers for Select one: a. electrolytes. b. small water-soluble molecules. c. proteins. d. oxygen and carbon dioxide. e. glucose.
c
Distributing arteries Select one: a. do not contain smooth muscle in their walls. b. transport blood from arterioles to capillaries. c. contain a thick tunica media. d. contain a lot of elastic tissue. e. are strong, rigid vessels.
c
If someone has a blood pressure reading of 110/70 mm Hg, their pulse pressure would be Select one: a. 70 mm Hg. b. 180 mm Hg. c. 40 mm Hg. d. 90 mm Hg. e. 110 mm Hg.
c
filtration is drive by the
CHP
helps return blood to the heart
Contracting skeletal muscles
In a capillary bed, relaxation of the precapillary sphincter Select one: a. causes more blood flow through thoroughfare channels. b. causes less blood to flow through capillaries. c. occurs when the tissue in the area needs more oxygen. d. occurs when the tissue in the area does not need more oxygen. e. is voluntary.
c
In the pulmonary circulation, the _____ carry blood to the lungs. Select one: a. coronary arteries b. superior vena cava and inferior vena cava c. pulmonary arteries d. carotid sinuses e. aorta
c
In which type of blood vessels is the blood pressure the lowest? Select one: a. veins b. arterioles c. vena cavas d. capillaries e. arteries
c
The anterior tibial artery becomes the Select one: a. fibular artery. b. posterior tibial artery. c. dorsalis pedis artery. d. femoral artery. e. plantar artery.
c
The depolarization phase of the cardiac muscle action potential occurs when a. voltage-gated K+ ion channels open b. voltage-gated Ca2+ ion channels open c. voltage-gated Na+ ion channels open d. voltage-gated Ca+ and Na+ ion channels open
c
The exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue cells is the primary function of Select one: a. arteries. b. venules. c. capillaries. d. veins. e. arterioles.
c
The hepatic portal vein is formed by the union of the splenic vein and the Select one: a. inferior mesenteric vein. b. hepatic vein. c. superior mesenteric vein. d. gastric vein. e. renal vein.
c
From the heart to body tissues, which of the following sequences of vessels is correct? Select one: a. elastic artery, muscular artery, arteriole, capillary b. elastic artery, arteriole, muscular artery, capillary c. muscular artery, arteriole, elastic artery, capillary d. distributing artery, muscular artery, medium artery, capillary e. arteriole, muscular artery, elastic artery, capillary
a
The three major arteries of the upper limb that form a continuum are the Select one: a. cephalic, basilic, and brachial arteries b. brachial, axillary, and radial arteries. c. subclavian, axillary, and brachial arteries. d. brachial, radial, and ulnar arteries. e. subclavian, axillary, and radial arteries.
c
The vasa vasorum Select one: a. are incompetent valves in the large veins. b. are the blood vessels that supply blood to the vas deferens. c. are special capillaries that supply nutrients to the walls of arteries and veins. d. supply blood to skeletal muscle. e. are blood vessels that directly connect arteries to veins.
c
The venous sinuses in the cranial cavity drain blood into the Select one: a. cephalic vein. b. carotid artery. c. internal jugular vein. d. internal carotid vein. e. brachiocephalic vein.
c
Veins that return blood directly to the heart include the Select one: a. pulmonary arteries. b. brachiocephalic vein. c. superior vena cava. d. portal vein. e. azygos vein.
c
What creates the pulse? Select one: a. constriction of the arterioles b. the compliance of the arteries c. ejection of blood from the left ventricle into the aorta d. the diastole of the ventricles
c
When blood pressure is greater than the blood colloid osmotic pressure, there is Select one: a. a net movement of fluid into the capillary. b. less lymph formed. c. a net movement of fluid out of the capillary. d. a decrease in the volume of the interstitial fluid. e. a decreased likelihood of edema.
c
When contrasting arteries and veins, which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Veins have thicker walls than arteries. b. Arteries have smooth muscle in their walls, but veins do not. c. Arteries have a thicker tunica media than veins. d. Veins have a tunica media while arteries do not. e. Arteries have valves, but veins do not.
c
When measuring blood pressure with a sphygmomanometer, which of the following best describes when blood flow in the brachial artery is turbulent? Select one: a. when pressure in the blood pressure cuff is less than the diastolic pressure b. when pressure in the blood pressure cuff is greater than systolic but less than the diastolic pressure c. when pressure in the brachial artery is greater than in the blood pressure cuff and greater than the diastolic pressure d. when pressure in the blood pressure cuff is greater than the diastolic pressure e. while the left ventricle is contracting
c
Which of the following blood vessels supplies blood to the diaphragm? Select one: a. intercostal artery X b. gastric artery c. superior phrenic artery d. inferior mesenteric artery e. axillary artery
c
Which of the following enhances the exchange between capillary walls and the interstitial spaces? Select one: a. increased blood velocity through the capillaries b. the stratification of the capillary wall c. the thinness of the capillary wall d. minimal branching in the capillary bed e. the high pressure in the interstitial spaces
c
Which of the following is NOT a major point where the pulse can be monitored? Select one: a. common carotid artery b. popliteal artery c. ulnar artery d. facial artery
c
In which of the following clinical situations would you expect edema? Select one: a. burns (which result in increased capillary permeability to plasma proteins) b. diarrhea (which leads to a decreased blood volume) c. shock (which is accompanied by low blood pressure) d. vomiting (which leads to a decreased plasma volume) e. dehydration (which results in low blood pressure)
a
Resistance to blood flow is greatest in Select one: a. arterioles. b. capillaries. c. arteries. d. veins. e. venules.
a
Systemic circulation Select one: a. includes the aorta and all of its branches. b. carries blood from the right ventricle to the lungs. c. includes all arteries but the veins are part of the pulmonary circulation pathway. d. ends in capillaries of the toes. e. includes blood flow to the body, but not the brain.
a
The first blood vessels that branch from the ascending aorta are the Select one: a. coronary arteries. b. brachiocephalic arteries. c. subclavian arteries. d. common carotid arteries. e. pulmonary arteries.
a
The greater the compliance the Select one: a. more easily the vessel wall stretches. b. greater the resistance generated in the vessel. c. higher the blood pressure will be. d. longer the blood vessel will measure. e. less the elasticity of the vessel.
a
The lining of a capillary is called the Select one: a. endothelium. b. tunica adventitia. c. thoroughfare layer. d. pericapillary layer. e. adventitia.
a
Tracing the blood from the heart to the right hand, blood leaves the heart, passes through the ascending aorta, aortic arch, right subclavian artery, axillary and brachial arteries, either the radial or ulnar arteries and palmar arches to arrive at the hand. Which artery is missing in this sequence? Select one: a. brachiocephalic b. right common carotid c. left subclavian artery d. jugular e. cephalic
a
Vasomotor tone can be increased by Select one: a. emotional excitement. b. soaking in a warm bathtub. c. an increase in body temperature. d. taking a nap. e. relaxing with a cup of tea.
a
What artery supplies the small intestine, cecum, ascending colon, and transverse colon? Select one: a. superior mesenteric artery b. inferior mesenteric artery c. inferior phrenic artery d. lumbar artery
a
Which kind of vessel provides a bypass for a capillary bed? Select one: a. thoroughfare channel b. vasa vasorum c. portal vein d. metarteriole e. sinusoid
a
Which of the following arteries sends branches to the stomach and liver? Select one: a. celiac artery b. renal artery c. superior mesenteric artery d. splenic artery e. inferior mesenteric artery
a
Which of the following happens when a person stands in one place for a long period of time? Select one: a. All of these choices are correct. b. Without muscular movement the pressure at the venous end of the capillaries increases. c. Gravity causes an increased accumulation of blood in the veins in the feet and legs. d. Blood pressure rises in the venules of the feet. e. Edema may occur in the lower extremities.
a
Which of the following sequences is correct? Select one: a. liver sinusoid, central vein, hepatic vein b. external iliac vein, internal iliac vein, common iliac vein c. fibular vein, femoral vein, popliteal vein d. hepatic vein, hepatic portal system, inferior vena cava e. superior vena cava, azygos vein, posterior intercostal vein
a
Which of the following veins is a superficial vein? Select one: a. basilic vein b. brachial vein c. radial vein d. subclavian vein e. ulnar vein
a
When blood pressure is greater than the blood colloid osmotic pressure, there is
a net movement of fluid out of the capillary
A direct connection between an arteriole and a venule without an intervening capillary bed is a(an) Select one: a. arterial capillary. b. arteriovenous anastomosis. c. metarteriole. d. venous sinus.
b
According to Poiseuille's law, Select one: a. blood flow is not related to resistance. b. if resistance increases, flow decreases. c. pH of the blood influences flow. d. viscosity of the blood is not related to flow. e. if resistance increases, flow increases.
b
According to the Laplace's Law, as the diameter of a blood vessel increases, the force applied to the wall of that vessel Select one: a. decreases. b. increases. c. remains the same. d. increases, then decreases. e. None of these choices is correct.
b
As viscosity of the blood increases, Select one: a. the flow does not change. b. the pressure required to force it to flow increases. c. the fluid becomes thinner. d. the hematocrit decreases. e. the pressure required to force it to flow decreases.
b
Blood is moved through the vascular system by Select one: a. valves in the wall of the blood vessels. b. pressure gradients created by the heart. c. viscosity of the blood. d. osmotic pressure. e. peristalsis caused by smooth muscle in the blood vessel walls X
b
Continuous capillaries Select one: a. are freely permeable to large molecules such as hormones. b. have a wall where the endothelial cells fit very tightly together. c. are characterized by continuous pores. d. have many thin areas called fenestrae. e. are more permeable then fenestrated capillaries but not as permeable as sinusoidal capillaries.
b
Hormones from the adrenal medulla Select one: a. are released in response to parasympathetic stimulation. b. cause an increase in stroke volume. c. are released in response to vagal stimulation. d. decrease the heart rate. e. cause vasodilation in blood vessels of the skin.
b
Increased venous tone will Select one: a. allow blood to pool in the veins. b. help return blood to the heart. c. stabilize blood velocity in the veins. d. relax the veins. e. dilate the veins.
b
One of the best ways to determine the adequacy of peripheral circulation is to check the pedal pulses. To check the pedal pulse you would check the pulse in the Select one: a. groin. b. foot. c. ankle. d. neck. e. wrist.
b
Peripheral chemoreceptors Select one: a. are not sensitive to carbon dioxide or hydrogen ion levels. b. are located in the aortic and carotid bodies. c. are sensitive to small changes in oxygen levels in the blood. d. are not sensitive to changes in pH of the blood. e. monitor blood pressure.
b
The _____ begins with capillaries in the abdominal viscera and ends with capillaries in the liver. Select one: a. hepatic vein b. hepatic portal system c. splenic system d. superior mesenteric system e. celiac system
b
The abdominal aorta divides at L5 to form the two Select one: a. femoral arteries. b. common iliac arteries. c. renal arteries. d. superior mesenteric arteries. e. inferior mesenteric arteries.
b
The baroreceptor reflex would cause which of the following events to occur if the reflex was caused by an increase in blood pressure? Select one: a. increased force of contraction b. increased parasympathetic stimulation of the heart c. increased sympathetic stimulation of the heart d. increased cardiac output e. increased heart rate
b
The hepatic portal system Select one: a. allows the liver to detoxify substances entering the body through the digestive tract. b. All of these choice are correct. c. has no pumping mechanism between the capillary beds. d. transports nutrients from the digestive tract to the liver. e. begins and ends with capillary beds.
b
Valves similar to the semilunar valves of the heart are found in medium and large Select one: a. capillaries. b. veins. c. venules. d. arterioles. e. arteries.
b
Which of the following statements concerning blood vessel walls is true? Select one: a. Capillaries have both a tunica intima and a tunica media. b. The tunica adventitia is composed of smooth muscle and endothelium. c. The tunica intima is the innermost layer of a blood vessel wall. d. Vessel diameter is controlled primarily by the tunica intima. e. The tunica media is found in all blood vessels except veins.
c
Which statement about precapillary sphincters is CORRECT? Select one: a. They are voluntary. b. They contract when oxygen levels in the tissue are low. c. They can close off the capillaries by contracting. d. When the precapillary sphincters are open, blood flows only through the thoroughfare channels. e. They are openings that allow large molecules and blood cells to leave the capillary.
c
Which vein drains blood from the left side of the thorax and esophagus into the left brachiocephalic vein? Select one: a. accessory hemiazygos vein b. internal thoracic vein c. hemiazygos vein d. left azygos vein
c
blood vessel whose walls permit exchange between blood and surrounding interstitial fluid
capillaries
precapillary sphincters
control the blood flow into capillary beds
A force that attracts fluid into the capillary from the tissue spaces is Select one: a. blood pressure. b. negative interstitial pressure. c. venous pressure. d. blood colloid osmotic pressure. e. active transport.
d
An obstruction in the inferior vena cava would hamper the return of blood from the Select one: a. head and neck. b. upper extremities. c. heart. d. abdomen, pelvis, and lower limbs. e. lungs.
d
Angiotensin II Select one: a. stimulates the adrenal cortex to release ADH. b. is responsible for increasing urine output. c. stimulates peripheral vasodilation. d. causes vasoconstriction. e. is released in response to high blood pressure.
d
As the popliteal vein ascends the leg, it becomes the Select one: a. common iliac vein. b. saphenous vein. c. peroneal vein. d. femoral vein. e. deep femoral vein.
d
Which of the following statements about laminar blood flow is true? Select one: a. In laminar blood flow, the rapid rate of blood flow exceeds critical velocity. b. Laminar blood flow occurs when blood flows past an area of constriction. c. The innermost layer of blood moves at the lowest velocity. d. The outermost layer of blood experiences the greatest resistance to flow. e. It makes lots of different noises.
d
Which of the following veins is NOT involved in draining blood from the arm? Select one: a. cephalic vein b. brachial vein c. basilic vein d. median cubital vein
d
Which of the following would lead to relaxation of the precapillary sphincter? Select one: a. decreased lactic acid production by cells in the capillary bed b. decreased nitric acid levels c. decreased carbon dioxide concentration in the capillary bed d. decreased oxygen levels in tissue cells served by the capillary e. decreased tissue metabolism
d
Which type of veins connect two primary capillary networks? Select one: a. venous sinuses b. vaso vasorum c. venules d. portal veins
d
Which vessel is often used to draw blood from a patient? Select one: a. radial vein b. cephalic vein c. brachial artery d. median cubital vein
d
blood pressure is the Select one: a. viscosity of the blood and resistance to blood flow. b. measure of the volume of the blood. c. number of layers of blood in laminar flow models. d. measure of force blood exerts against blood vessel walls. e. product of the stroke volume times heart rate.
d
What is the most important means by which capillary exchange occurs?
diffusion
According to Poiseuille's law, a small decrease in the diameter of a vessel will
dramatically decrease blood flow
A force that causes the movement of fluid out of the capillary is Select one: a. lymph pressure. b. critical closing pressure. c. blood colloid osmotic pressure. d. positive interstitial pressure. e. blood pressure.
e
A thrombus in the second branch (not including coronary arteries) off of the aortic arch would affect the flow of blood to the Select one: a. myocardium of the heart. b. right arm. c. right side of the head and neck and right upper extremity. d. left upper extremity. e. left side of the head and neck.
e
Arteriosclerosis results in decreased compliance, which in turn causes the pulse pressure to Select one: a. increase, then decrease. b. decrease, then increase. c. decrease. d. remain the same. e. increase.
e
Because of the baroreceptor reflex, when normal arterial blood pressure decreases Select one: a. heart rate decreases. b. all of the above. c. stroke volume decreases. d. the cardioregulatory center stimulates parasympathetic neurons. e. the frequency of afferent action potentials from baroreceptors decreases.
e
In response to circulatory shock, Select one: a. the vasomotor center is inhibited. X b. the body decreases ADH secretion. c. atrial natriuretic factor is released. d. the baroreceptors and chemoreceptors are inactivated. e. the renin-angiotensin mechanism is activated.
e
In which of the following would you detect a weak pulse? Select one: a. increased stroke volume b. fluid excess c. a healthy young person d. hypertension e. hemorrhagic shock
e
Systemic blood vessels transport blood Select one: a. from the right ventricle through the body to the right atrium. b. from the left ventricle through the body to the left atrium. c. from the left ventricle to the lungs. d. from the right ventricle through the body to the left atrium. e. from the left ventricle through the body to the right atrium
e
The chemoreceptor reflexes help maintain homeostasis Select one: a. when stimulated by changes in blood osmotic pressure. b. when hydrogen ion concentrations decrease. c. under normal conditions. d. when epinephrine levels increase. e. when carbon dioxide levels increase.
e
The longest vein in the body is the Select one: a. femoral vein. b. hepatic portal vein. c. superior vena cava. d. inferior vena cava. e. great saphenous vein.
e
The posterior tibial artery is a continuation of the Select one: a. iliac artery. b. peroneal artery. c. femoral artery. d. fibular artery e. popliteal artery.
e
The velocity of blood flow inside a blood vessel Select one: a. increases along the walls of the blood vessel. b. is more rapid along the sides of the vessel. c. is equal to the blood pressure. d. is most rapid at a bend or turn in the vessel. e. is faster in the center of the blood vessel.
e
When there is a drop in blood pressure, the body reacts immediately by way of the Select one: a. CNS ischemic mechanism. b. adrenal medullary mechanism. c. stress-relaxation mechanism. d. chemoreceptor mechanism. e. baroreceptor mechanism.
e
Which coat of an artery contains endothelium? Select one: a. tunica media b. tunica elastica c. tunica adventitia d. tunica intermedia e. tunica intima
e
Which of the following arteries branches directly from the aortic arch? Select one: a. pulmonary artery b. right common carotid artery c. coronary artery d. right subclavian artery e. brachiocephalic artery
e
Which of the following heart chambers is correctly associated with the blood vessel that enters or leaves it? a. right atrium- pulmonary veins b. right atrium- aorta c. left atrium- aorta d. left ventricle- superior and inferior vena cava e. right ventricle- pulmonary trunk
e
Which of the following hormones does NOT influence blood pressure? Select one: a. atrial natriuretic hormone b. aldosterone c. ADH d. epinephrine e. growth hormone
e
If the heart receives more sympathetic stimulation than parasympathetic stimulation, the heart will
increase its rate force of contraction
plasma proteins in capillaries help to
maintain the osmotic pressure of the blood
tunica media
middle layer that contains smooth muscle
what is the effect of sympathetic stimulation of blood vessels?
most blood vessels vasoconstrict and muscle and heart blood vessels vasodilate
distribute blood to skeletal muscles and internal organs
muscular arteries
slowing or blocking of blood flow
resistance
what are the two factors of the blood that determine blood flow?
resistance and pressure
Pulse pressure is calculated by
subtracting diastolic pressure from systolic pressure
The outermost wall of an artery or vein is called the __________________ and in large arteries and veins contains the ______________.
tunica externa; vasa vasorum
innermost layer of the blood vessels
tunica intima
_________greatly increases resistance and decreases flow
vascoconstriction
___________ greatly decreases resistance and increases flow
vasodilation
Which type of blood vessel holds the greatest volume of blood?
vein
while less important than arterial vasoconstriction, works with the skeletal muscle pump, the respiratory pump, and their valves to promote venous return to the heart
venoconstriction
systolic pressure results from
ventricular contraction
diastolic pressure results from
ventricular relaxation
Edema can occur when there is Select one: a. a blockage of the lymphatics. b. a decrease in capillary permeability to proteins. c. a decrease in blood pressure. d. an increase in the amount of plasma proteins. e. an increase in blood colloid osmotic pressure.
a
A thrombus in the first branch (not including coronary arteries) off of the aortic arch might affect the flow of blood to which of the following structures? Select one: a. both the right arm and the right side of the brain b. right arm c. left side of the brain d. left arm e. right side of the brain
a
Arteriosclerosis is characterized by Select one: a. thickening of the tunica intima and loss of elasticity in the tunica media. b. increased elasticity of the tunica media. c. decreased resistance to blood flow. d. a thickening of the tunica adventitia. e. an enlargement of the lumen of the vessel.
a
Atrial natriuretic factor Select one: a. is released in response to elevated atrial pressure. b. stimulates release of aldosterone. c. increases blood volume. d. stimulates the release of ADH. e. decreases urine production
a
Blood from the posterior abdominal wall drains into the Select one: a. inferior vena cava. b. ascending lumbar veins. c. mesenteric vein. d. hepatic portal vein. e. hepatic vein.
a
When a person rises quickly from a lying position, there is
an increase in vasomotor sympathetic stimulation to the blood vessels causing vasocontriction
The structures that contain chemoreceptors that detect blood concentration of carbon dioxide and oxygen are
aortic bodies
Arteries that deliver blood to the capillaries
arterioles
distribute blood to capillary beds; sites of exchange with the body tissues
arterioles
Baron von Quacko, famous tag-team wrestler, has a famous "sleeper hold" that he uses on his opponents. Using only a single digit on each hand, he presses on his opponent's neck until his opponent passes out. What are the structures on which he is pressing and what is the effect? Select one: a. subclavian arteries; blood flow to brain is stopped b. vertebral arteries; blood flow to brain is increased c. carotid chemoreceptors; blood pressure increases d. baroreceptors in carotid sinus; peripheral vasodilation and decreased heart rate e. jugular vein; blood flow back to heart is decreased
d
Epinephrine Select one: a. increases the heart rate but decreases the stroke volume. X b. causes vasoconstriction of blood vessels in skeletal muscle. X c. decreases the force of contraction. d. causes vasodilation of coronary blood vessels. e. decreases red blood cell count.
d
In capillary exchange, which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Interstitial fluid normally has a higher osmotic pressure than plasma. b. Interstitial protein concentration is normally higher than plasma protein concentration. c. Constriction of the precapillary sphincter will increase blood pressure in the capillary. d. Most fluid that leaves the arterial end of a capillary reenters the venous end of a capillary. e. Most fluid that leaves the arterial end of a capillary enters the lymphatic system.
d
In the aorta, Select one: a. velocity is diminished because the total cross-sectional area is small. b. the resistance to blood flow and the blood pressure are both low. c. the resistance to blood flow is high, but velocity of blood flow is low. d. the blood pressure and blood velocity are both high. e. the velocity of blood flow is high, but blood pressure is low.
d
Increased pressure in the aortic arch will activate the baroreceptor reflex and cause Select one: a. a decrease in the frequency of action potentials from the aortic baroreceptors. b. increased ADH secretion. c. vasoconstriction of peripheral vessels increasing the blood pressure. d. increased parasympathetic stimulation of the heart. e. increased sympathetic stimulation of the heart.
d
Resistance in the cardiovascular system Select one: a. does not occur. If it did, blood would not circulate in the blood vessels. b. is directly related to flow ( R → Flow). c. dramatically increases blood flow through the circulatory system. d. tends to increase if blood viscosity increases. e. tends to decrease as the diameter of blood vessels decreases.
d
The auscultatory method of measuring blood pressure Select one: a. relies on the insertion of a cannula into the vessel in which pressure is being measured. b. involves an electronic transducer attached to a mercury manometer. c. monitors the oscillations in the blood vessel during changes in pressure. d. relies on hearing Korotkoff sounds through a stethoscope. e. relies on hearing the sounds made by laminar flow of the blood.
d
The azygos vein drains blood from the _____ into the superior vena cava. Select one: a. abdominal wall b. kidneys c. head d. thorax e. upper arm
d
The blood vessels that are under the greatest pressure are the Select one: a. venules. b. capillaries. c. veins. d. elastic arteries. e. arterioles.
d
The internal jugular veins join the subclavian veins to form the Select one: a. azygos veins. b. external jugular veins. c. axillary veins. d. brachiocephalic veins. e. superior vena cavae.
d
The kidneys are supplied by the Select one: a. suprarenal arteries. b. lumbar arteries. c. inferior mesenteric arteries. d. renal arteries.
d
The structure of a capillary wall differs from that of a vein or artery because Select one: a. capillaries have more smooth muscle. b. capillaries can constrict or dilate. c. the capillary wall has only two tunics. d. capillary walls have only endothelium and a basement membrane. e. capillaries are impermeable to all substances
d
The visceral branches of the internal iliac arteries supply blood to the Select one: a. anterior abdominal wall. b. external genitalia. c. lower leg. d. urinary bladder, rectum, and reproductive organs. e. lumbar and gluteal muscles.
d
Veins Select one: a. are described as strong, rigid vessels that always carry oxygenated blood. b. carry blood under very high pressure. c. have thick, many layered walls. d. may contain valves and are lined with endothelium. e. carry blood away from the heart.
d
When blood pressure increases, a number of events occur that return blood pressure to normal. Which of the following is one of the events that occurs after an increase in blood pressure? Select one: a. An increase in number of action potentials in the cardiac nerve. b. Sympathetic stimulation of the heart increases. c. Action potential frequency to the cardioregulatory center of brain decreases. d. Baroreceptors are stimulated. e. Heart rate increases.
d
Where is the vasomotor center located? Select one: a. cerebrum and medulla oblongata b. pons and medulla oblongata c. pons and midbrain d. medulla oblongata
d
Which function does the circulatory system share with the heart? Select one: a. exchanges nutrients and wastes with cells b. regulates blood pressure c. transports hormones to all areas of the body d. directs blood flow to tissues
d
Which of the following are components of the hepatic portal system? Select one: a. inferior mesenteric vein b. gastric vein c. azygos vein d. both the gastric vein and the inferior mesenteric vein e. inferior vena cava
d
Which of the following arteries is not part of the cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis)? Select one: a. anterior communicating artery b. anterior cerebral artery c. posterior communicating artery d. posterior cerebellar artery e. internal carotid artery
d
Which of the following events would cause a decrease in mean arterial blood pressure? Select one: a. an increase in ADH production b. constriction of blood vessels in the skin c. an increase in aldosterone production d. release of atrial natriuretic factor e. activation of the renin-angiotensin mechanism
d
Which of the following statements regarding regulation of local blood flow is true? Select one: a. Increased levels of carbon dioxide increase the contraction of precapillary sphincters. b. Contraction of precapillary sphincters will increase blood flow to a capillary bed. c. Tissue need for oxygen and amino acids will cause precapillary sphincters to contract. d. Blood flow through capillaries is continuous. e. Increased metabolic rate in a tissue increases capillary blood flow into the tissue.
e
Which of the following would occur as a result of increased renin release by the kidneys? Select one: a. a decrease in aldosterone b. a decrease in blood pressure c. an increase in urine output d. an increase in vasodilator secretion e. an increase in blood volume
e
large extremely resilient vessels
elastic arteries
tunica externa
forms a sheath of connective tissue around the vessel
which organ would be most likely to contain fenestrated capillaries?
kidney
