Chapter 21-22 Organic Test Day 2
a.
Isomers are compounds that have a. the same molecular formula but different structures b. the same molecular formula and the same structure c. different molecular formulas and different structures d. different molecular formulas but the same structure
c.
Which compounds give fruits and flowers their characteristic flavors and odors? a. ketones b. ethers c. esters d. aldehydes
a.
Which compounds was once used to preserve biological specimens and is still used to make plastics? a. formaldehyde b. acetaldehyde c. acetone d. diethyl ketone
alkenes
The general formula for ________ is C(n)H(2n)
positive
The nucleophiles are attracted to the ________ charge.
d.
The organic reaction that occurs when an atom or group of atoms are replaced by F, Cl, Br, or I is called _______ a. elmination b. dehydration c. substitution d. halogenation
electrophile
The positively charged parts of an organic molecule are called the ________
addition
The reaction of an alkene and water in an acidic solution to give an alcohol is a(n) _________
methanol
The simplest alcohol is _______
-ol
The systematic name for alcohols end in
-al
The systematic name of aldehydes ends in
-one
The systematic name of ketones ends in
d.
The total number of covalent bonds in a molecule of C₃H₈ is a. 3 b. 8 c. 10 d. 11
True
True or False: Amines tend to be basic.
ethers
Two hydrocarbon groups bonded to the same oxygen atoms
plastic bottles
Types of plastic: HDPE Example: __________
plastic bags
Types of plastic: LDPE Example: __________
piping
Types of plastic: PVC Example: __________
insulation
Types of plastic: Polystyrene Example: __________
paint
Types of plastic: Polyvinyl Acetate Example: __________
alkyl halides
What are alkanes called when atoms of fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine are substituted for hydrogen atoms?
allotropes
What are forms of the same element in the same state that have different properties?
polymers
What are large molecules made of many small units joined by organic reactions?
monomers
What are small units joined to each other by organic reactions in a polymer?
diamond, graphite, and fullerenes
What are three allotropic forms of carbon?
carbon
What do all organic compounds contain?
amine
What group of organic compounds can be considered derivatives of ammonia?
c.
What is the common name for fingernail polish remover? a. dimethyl ketone b. 3-pentanone c. acetone d. butanone
-OH
What is the functional group in alcohols?
d.
What the geometric shape of a methane molecule? a. triangular b. octahedral c. rectangular d. tetrahedral
b.
What type of alcohol is 2-propanol? a. primary b. secondary c. tertiary d. pentiary
b.
What type of bond is rigid and does not allow atoms to rotate freely? a. ionic bond b. double bond c. single bond d. hydrogen bond
b.
Which alkene is found in the wax covering of apples? a. ethene b. a-farnesene (a= alpha) c. alkynes d. aromatic hydrocarbons
graphite
Which allotrope of carbon feel greasy and crumbles easily?
alkanes
Which hydrocarbons are saturated?
a.
Which of the following is used in food to give a tart flavor? a. citric acid b. butanoic acid c. acetic acid d. methanoic acid
a.
Which pair of names refers to the same compound? a. ethyne and acetylene b. ethyne and ethene c. ethane and acetylene d. ethane and ethene
b.
Which statement about the hardness of diamond and graphite is correct? a. Diamond is very soft, graphite is very hard. b. Diamond is very hard, and graphite is very soft. c. Both diamond and graphite are very hard. d. Both diamond and graphite are very soft.
increase
With alkanes, as the number of carbon atoms increases, the boiling point will _____________.
esterfication
_____________________ is the process of adding a carboxylic acid and alcohol to make an ester and water.
plastic bottles
High density polyethylene is used to create ___________________.
4
How many bonds can a carbon atom usually form?
b.
How many pairs of electrons are shared between carbon atoms and ethene? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4
cycloalkanes
Hydrocarbons in which carbon atoms form only single bonds and are arranged in a ring are called _____________
b.
In aromatic compounds, the position of the double bond is _________ a. fixed b. not fixed c. vertical d. horizontal
vulcanization
Synthetic rubber is created by a process called?
cancer
A carcinogen is a substance that causes ____________.
CFC
A common alkyl halide, ___________, has been found to help destroy the ozone.
c.
A functional group is a. a group of organic compounds with similar structural formulas b. a group of organic compounds that undergo similar chemical rections c. a group of atoms that help determine the properties of an organic compound d. Both a and b
d.
A general characteristic of organic compounds is that they all a. melt at high temperatures b. have high electrical conductivity c. are readily soluble in water d. have a slow reaction rate
carbon
All organic compounds contain the element _____________.
synthesis
An addition reaction is very similar to a _________ reaction
a.
As the number of carbon atoms in a molecular formula increases, the number of possible isomers a. increases rapidly b. increases slowly c. remains the same d. decreases
solids, gases
At room temperature, large alkanes are ___________ and smaller alkanes are __________.
covalent
Carbon shows a very strong tendency to form _________ bonds.
structural isomers
Isomers in which the atoms are bonded in different orders are known as ______________________?
b.
Natural rubber trees are found in ____________ a. South Africa b. South America c. North America d. Australia
c.
Organic compounds are defined as all covalently bonded compounds containing carbon EXCEPT a. oxides b. carbonates c. Both a and b d. There are no exceptions.
b.
Organic compounds are so numerous because carbon atoms a. are highly electronegative b. can bond with each other in many different ways c. are very small d. are very stable in nature